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If you want to control a program file, open, copy, paste not get me ready for my trip to Stanford.
如果想要掌控一项程序文件，打开，复制粘贴，并不会铺平通向斯坦福的路。
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Well right now, I'm taking one of the classes called the Product Engineering Process,
目前，我上的一门课叫产品工程程序，
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And here, too, it's just a little baby program in that I'm hardcoding the expression 17 divided by 13.
然后这里，这只是一个子程序,在那里面我硬编码了表达式“17除以13“
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But it is a very handy way of thinking about, not just how to program, but how to break problems down into nice sized chunks.
但是它确实是一种很方便的思考方式，不仅仅限于编程序,在将程序分解为小部分时也很有用。
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But if there were a lottery and they'd all agreed to the procedure, you think that would be okay?
但如果他们抽签了，他们也都同意这一程序，那你认为就没问题，是吧？
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It looks as though the natural thing to say about the chess-playing computer is, it does have beliefs. It does have desires.
这看起来好像是一件自然的事情,说象棋程序,有自己的信念 有欲望
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It turned out that one of--there were three vaccine manufacturers, one of them was using the procedure not quite correctly, they weren't completely killing the virus when they produced their vaccine.
结果显示,疫苗的生产厂家一共有三个,其中一家的生产程序不是非常正确,他们在生产疫苗的时候,并没有完全杀死病毒
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Does he want to say that he's just an author function, that his textual field is a kind of set of structural operations within which one can discover an author?
他是不是想说他只是个功能性的作者，而他所写的文章只是一套,用于发现作者的结构上的应用程序？
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I think we have an app that's like, "Next Muni" here in the city.
我们有一个“下一趟有轨电车”的应用程序。
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You should acquire overtime this instinctive aversion to just code or programs that just look ugly because things that look ugly generally are not easy to maintain.
对于代码和程序你会有一种本能的讨厌,这是因为这些代码和程序看起来很丑陋,并且不容易维护。
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And a large part of being a good programmer, or learning to be a good programmer, is learning how to debug. And it's one of these things where it's harder.
没人能凭本能做好它，如果你相当一名优秀的程序员，或者想通过学习成为一名优秀的程序员,很重要的一部分就是学习怎么去调试。
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I could have just done this, and the only reason I didn't here is just because now I look - at this, and now it's just getting confusing for me -- even for someone who's been programming for a while.
我本可以这样做，我之所以没有这样做是因为,现在我看着这个，它是我有点迷惑了-,甚至是对于某些已经写了一段时间程序的人来说。
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There's unit testing, where we validate each piece of the program independently.
一种是单元测试，也就是,分别验证程序中的每一个独立部分。
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We decrement so to speak the variable and then where will we go next in terms of the flow control, the flow of this program.
可以这么说，我们递减这个变量,然后按照控制流，即程序流进入到下一语句。
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So we want to write programs to do that.
为了实现这一目标我们要去写一个执行程序。
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And so now we're going to try and see if we can write a simulation that will give us some insight as to which of these might be better or worse.
现在我们回来看看我们能否,写一个程序来看看,哪一种选择会更好。
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I know this is a simple example, but when you mature as a programmer, one of the first things you should do when you sit down to tackle some problem is write something like this pseudo code.
我知道这是个很简单的例子，但是当你们成长为一名程序员后，当你们碰到问题后第一件事情就是,该写一些类似于,伪代码的东西。
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And because there's nothing else in the code at that point, the program should just quit naturally in a good way. Yeah?
因为在那个阶段的没有其它的代码了，这个程序将以一种比较好的方式自然地退出，请说？
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- So sleep -- as the name implies -- simply puts the program to sleep for a second.
所以睡眠--顾名思义-,简单地将程序睡眠一秒钟。
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You had a whole team of people trying to figure out how to do arctans.
一整个团队的人都为这个程序工作者,他们试着运行这个程序。
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So now let me recreate this program from memory.
现在我们在脑子里再过一遍这个程序。
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So here is a computer program.
这里有一段计算机程序。
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For the latter, this is a place where running test cases would do a good job of helping with that. Nonetheless, having done that, let's look at a better way to write this. Which is right here it is also, I think, on your sheet, I'm going to uncomment that, and comment this one out, yeah. All right?
对于后者来说，运行测试用例,对它会有很大的帮助，尽管如此，讲完了这些,让我们再来看看更好的,来写这个程序的一种方法吧，也就是这里,我想这程序也在，你们的课堂手册上面，我得先把这里取消注释,然后注释掉这里，是的，对不对？
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In Scratch you may have realized that, "I could implement my program this way with these puzzle pieces, but it kind of feels -- like I could use these puzzle pieces instead" -- that's absolutely the case in programming.
在Scratch中你可能已经意识到，“我可以用这一段代码来,执行我的程序，不过这有点感觉到,我可以用这些代码段来代替“,那绝对是编程中的一个情况。
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So the goal is to figure out a way to stamp them all out.
一种把bugs都,驱逐出程序的方法。
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up employing something called programming, the act of constructing, telling a computer to do your bidding.
你们会使用一种叫做程序设计的方法，或称之为构建，即让计算机去执行你的命令。
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And by that I mean, do the set of primitives support a broad range of applications, or is it really aimed at a very specific set of applications?
也就是说这个基本集合，是不是支持,比较多的程序，或者是不是面向,某一特定种类的程序的？
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And indeed, when they program these things, the programmers will feed in game after game after game of the great chess games in history.
的确,当人们编写游戏程序时,会在这些程序中,一局接一局地,输入历史上那些最伟大的棋局
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And what I want to be talking about is modules of one sort, and of course that's because what we're interested in is modularity.
我想要说的是一种类型的模块,当然这是因为我们关注的是程序的可组合性,我们如何处理复杂程序呢？
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