And through this way behaviorists have developed token economies where they get nonhuman animals to do interesting things for seemingly arbitrary rewards like poker chips.

通过这种方式,行为主义者们发明了代币法,他们用一种特定的类似于扑克筹码的奖励,来训练非人类动物。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

In fact, there's evidence that even thousands of years ago, Indian and Chinese healers were using a form of something that we would recognize as vaccination.

事实上,有证据表明在几千年前,印度和中国的医生就在使用一种,类似于疫苗的东西

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选