Being happy, in other words, is also a moral state in the sense of actually contributing to other people's wellbeing.
感受快乐,换言之,也是一种道德状态,对他人的幸福作出贡献。
So you're saying that we are here right now but any second this other event, this other situation will occur.
你在谈论我们现在是这样的状态,但是一转眼的功夫,另一种事情,另一种情况就会发生。
But the state of nature, for him, is rather a kind of thought experiment after the manner of experimental science.
但是对他来说,自然状态,是一种思想的实验,这是在科学实验之后。
That is, in terms of equations of state. For any material Then we would really be able to essentially calculate anything. Anything thermodynamic.
换句话说,利用任何一种物质的状态方程,我们就能够实质上,计算所有物理量,所有热力学量。
It can exist in - a gated ion channel - can exist in one or two states.
它们能够存在于,门控离子通道有一种或者两种状态
So we need some account to distinguish between suspended animation and out and out being alive.
我们必须用一种说法,将假死状态和非存活状态区别开来。
All right. Now this is a wonderful example of the tension between having expectations, the expectation that someone will help Tony, and being in a state of suspense, not knowing who it will be.
好的,这是个很好的例子,来说明二者之间的张力,一个是有期望,期望有人会帮助托尼,另一个是处于一种悬念状态,不知道会是谁来帮托尼。
Eliot's speaking of a spiritual and imaginative state.
他谈到了一种精神和虚幻的状态。
He says the state of nature is a state of liberty.
他说自然状态就是一种自由状态。
hey reach a certain equilibrium.
从而达到一种平衡状态。
Milton has shown so much promise. He possessed so many obvious talents that could be poured into the profession for which he was so clearly suited the profession of the ministry but Milton was remaining at his father's house in what seemed like a perpetual state of humiliating self-infantilization.
弥尔顿表现出了很大的决心,他拥有那么多,这个职业需要的天赋,例如牧师,而弥尔顿却选择呆在他父亲的房子里,像是一种永远羞耻的不成熟状态。
But it's worked on your brain to the point where you get to that sort of what I like to think of that bar room militancy, whereby if a guy says, "would you pass the peanuts," you say, "oh yeah!"
这会作用于你的大脑,让你达到一种,我认为的,在酒吧里准备打架的状态,就像如果有人说,"请你把花生递给我",你会说,"哦耶"
And he claimed it causes an unpleasant emotional state, what he described as "dissonance."
他认为这会让人进入一种情绪不安的状态,他称之为“失调”
This is not to say, again, that the state of nature for Hobbes is one of permanent fighting.
这并不是说,霍布斯的自然状态,是一种永恒斗争。
You just change volume to pressure and basically you're looking at enthalpy under a constant -- anything that's done at a constant volume path with energy, there's the same thing happening under constant pressure path for enthalpy.
可以看到这就是把体积换成了压强,一般我们都是在一种恒定状态下,考虑焓的,任何在恒容条件下,能伴随能量变化的东西,也在恒压条件下伴随焓同样地变化,所以你可以经常。
Such a condition, a state of war, may mean a condition of open warfare, but not necessarily.
这样一种状态,战争状态,也许意味着公开的战争状态,但这也不是必须的。
It is a condition for Hobbes of maximum insecurity where in his famous formula " "life is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short."
对霍布斯来说,这是一种使安全感最大化的状态,这种安全感在他有名的公式中被表述,“生命是孤独的,贫穷的,肮脏的,残忍的,短暂的“
The state of nature for Hobbes is a condition of conflict and war.
对霍布斯来说,自然状态是,一种冲突和战争的状态。
They are unregulated by law; they are unregulated by authority. The state of nature is simply a kind of condition of maximum insecurity, an unregulated market with no common laws or rules to sustain it.
法律,权威使然,自然状态就是,一种最大安全感的状态,是一种没有法律规范维持的,不加管制的市场。
Modernity is, in his work, a condition of social and psychological fragmentation which is both a private, personal dilemma and a public one, as he understands it.
在他的作品里,现代性,是一种社会和心理上的零散状态,就他而言,这既是个人的僵局,也是社会的停滞不前。
One way or another, we can determine this quantity.
任何一种方法都可以给出状态方程。
A state where it's closed, so imagine a channel with a lid on top of it; when it's closed nothing can go through the channel, when it's open then things can go through.
一种是闭合状态,想想一个有盖子的通道吧,当盖子合上的时候任何东西都不能通过,而打开时就畅通无阻
I did want to say a little bit more about kinases because they're so important in intracellular communication and kinases take advantage of the fact that proteins can often exist in more than one state, and that's what makes them useful molecules inside cells.
关于激酶我想再多讲一点,因为它们对细胞内通讯十分重要,因为激酶的优越之处在于,这种蛋白通常不只有一种状态,这也令它们在细胞中的用处极大
Now, you might look at that formulation, the state of war is one against--of all against all and you might say that such a condition of civil war, of maximum insecurity, of the total breakdown of condition of rules and laws is if anything the state of the exception.
现在,你可以看一下那个构想,抗一切人的状态,你可能会说这种,内战,最大安全感,法律规范全面崩溃的状态,实质上是一种异常状态。
Maybe you'll now believe Hobbes if you don't believe me. So the state of nature, it's a state of insecurity, it's a state of conflict.
如果你不相信我的话,你也不一定相信霍布斯,所以自然状态,是一种不安全的状态,是一种矛盾的状态。
Now, remember we talked about these last time, voltage-gated channels are channels that would allow the passage of sodium, in this case, but they can exist in two states, a closed state and an open state.
还记得我们上节课讨论过的吧,电压门控通道是,一种可以容许钠离子通过的通道,在这一例子中 电压门控通道有两种状态,关闭状态和开放状态
but rather, is there any good reason to think that we're all or most of us are in that situation, are in that state of belief where, although we give lip service to the claim that we're going to die, is there any good reason to believe that fundamentally we don't actually believe it?
而是是否有好的理由认为,我们中全部或者大部分都处于,这样一种相信的状态,虽然我们都声称自己会死,是否有好的理由相信,我们其实根本不相信呢?
And by a "state of nature" he means, or by a state of war, he means a condition where there is no recognized authority in his language to keep us in awe, no authority to awe us.
而且通过“自然状态,或者通过战争状态,他意在说明一种状态,在他的说法里没有一个被认可的权力,将我们维持在敬畏中,没有权利使我们敬畏。
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