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So I think this question is very much related to your first one about how we mistake what success really means.
我觉得这个问题与,你的第一个问题紧密相连,就是“我们对于成功的错误理解“
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I'm going to define a class, and in particular, what I'm going to do, is walk through what that says.
我们碰到了一个问题，这个问题就是，我们想要建立，一个抽象数据类型。
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I first had a list of size 8, then 4, then 2, but then I had another problem of size 2.
首先是一个有8个元素的序列，接着变成了4个元素，接着2个元素，然后我就碰到了有2个元素的另一个问题。
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I'm sorry to cut you out. But do you mind if I ask you one more question? -Absolutely delighted.
不好意思打断您，我可不可以,再问您一个问题？，-当然。
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So let me turn to a different approach to solving the question, answering the question,which one should we believe?
所以让我用另一个方法来解决这个问题，回答该相信哪一个理论的问题？
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and the question that I've been asking They are The Tadzhiks in Afghnastan constitutes what about half of the entire population?
我一直在问的一个问题就是,塔吉克斯坦能占到多少，一半的整个阿富汗人口？
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Another part of the problem of learning language is you have to figure out what the boundaries are between the words.
学习语言的另一个问题是,你必须得确定单词之间的界线是什么
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So one of the things we're going to think about together in the course is what happens to all those innovations.
所以我们这门课要思考的一个问题,就是人们怎么对待对那些创新。
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A famous mathematician once said "Every question must have a correct answer " for every question one answer."
一位著名的数学家曾说过,“每一个问题都必定有一个正确的答案,每一个人们所回答的问题“
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Now when I take it seriously, there is a problem here because sometimes research doesn't deliver good news.
但当我认真对待这事，就出现了一个问题,有时研究所得并不一定是好消息。
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This is one the questions I get a lot from people who just staring out and say "Wow, technology has changed so much last five years, 10 years, 15 years, 20 years." Are all the great companies created?
这是我从很多只是向窗外眺望，然后说,“科技在近5年，10年，15年亦或是20年里,发展如此飞速“的人那儿得到的一个问题，所有伟大的公司都是创造出来的吗？
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So this should immediately look like a problem because we know, in fact, that methane is tetravalent, and this is telling us it's only divalent.
显然这看起来是一个问题,因为我们知道实际上，甲烷是四价的，而这告诉我们它仅仅是二价的。
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Another thing that I will be talking about is less important to this course but you have heard of this: the subprime crisis.
我要讲的另一个问题,在这门课里相对不是那么重要,你们听过这个词吗,"次贷危机"
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What do they do? One of the problems that it produces is the more people you have, up to a point that's good.
他们都干些什么呢,其中一个问题是,人越多,产出就越大,这在达到临界点之前是好事
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Final question Tom, and this is from a viewer who send in the question by Twitter,to be submitted to you.
最后一个问题，这是一个观众的提问,通过twitter网站，提交给你。
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I'm now exploring the question of whether or not stock prices are indeed memoryless, or the stock changes.
我现在要探索一个问题那就是股价,是否真的是无记忆的，或者说股票的变化是否是无记忆性的。
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So you're going to be able to take a description of a problem and map it into something computational.
因此你们能拣出,一个问题的主要描述,并将其编成计算性的东西。
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But this is a -- this raises a problem, that we'll see actually in just a moment having this duplication.
但这就引起了一个问题，我们刚才看到了,我们有一个重复的值。
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OK. I know. It looks boring. But it's a structure of the things I want to think about when I go through trying to take a problem and mapping it into a iterative program.
好，我知道这看起来有点无聊,但是这是我要去以迭代的方式,去解决一个问题采取的,措施的大致结构。
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What this basically means is, you're given some problem to solve, that you've never seen before.
我们还会再讲讲这些内容,最基本的意思就是你有一个问题要处理。
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One consideration in all of this is that this is a very young field and nobody knows how to do it yet.
这里的一个问题便是,这还是一个新兴的领域,没有人知道该怎样进行研究
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OK. So to do this, we need a little more abstract way of talking about efficiency, and so, the question is, how do we think about efficiency? Typically there's two things we want to measure.
好，为了达到这个目的,我们需要用一种有点，抽象的方式去讨论效率，这衍生出来,一个问题，我们该怎么去认识效率？,主要来说我们有两个要量化的东西。
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And so they each had to present... Each one wrote a term paper on one problem.
那么每个学生都要。,每名学生都要就一个问题写期末论文。
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And then, three: if not, reduce to a smaller problem, and repeat.
把问题缩减成一个更小的问题，然后重复,恩，这看起来很清晰了，是的。
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One more thing that I think would be relevant to the-- there's also the annuity formula.
我认为还有一个与之有关的问题就是,还有一个年金公式
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The question of where is the ball really is a question about the physical world.
球在哪里的问题,实际是一个现实世界的问题
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Aristotle raises the question a very important question whether the rule of law is to be referred to the rule of the best the best individual.
亚里士多德提出了问题,一个很重要的问题,法治是否应与最优统治者,最优的个体产生连结。
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In fact there's research-- for example, this was done with internists, doctors, who are giving a very difficult, very difficult question connected to a liver problem that an individual patient had.
实际上有这样一项研究-,在内科医生，医生中间进行，向他们提出一个，与肝脏问题有关的很困难的问题,那是一个病人的病症。
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A different question: What makes somebody attractive?
另一个问题,是什么使一个人如此迷人
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That's a problem with the partnership structure because you could join a partnership and the partnership does something awful and loses more than you put into it and they can come after you for those losses.
这就是合伙制企业的一个问题,如果你加入了一个合伙制企业,然而企业经营出现失误,损失超过了投入,有人就会要求你承担这些损失
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