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Her argument sounds -- and some of you may recognize this argument -- it sounds so distinctly like a political argument, an argument from political economy.
她的论点听上去--你们可能也发现这一论点-,听上去就像一个政治论点一样清晰，像是政治理财的理论。
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try and come to some middle ground synthesis based on everyone's ideas.
最后，折衷考虑所有人的观点，形成一个综合的论点。
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The centrality Aristotle ascribes to politics forces us to consider another question ? namely what is the purpose of this study?
亚里士多德加到政治中的,中心论点迫使我们考虑另一个问题,即这门研究的目的为何？
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They're trying to lay out an argument which is consistent and continuous and keep surprise to a minimum.
他们试图自然地建立起一个论点,使之一致，使我们的诧异最小化。
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Freud's mistake, and it's--although I'm picking on Freud, it's not only Freud that runs this sort of argument.
弗洛伊德是错的，虽然我选择他做例子，不仅是弗洛伊德一个人持有这种论点。
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It's as if a gap has opened up, a gap between the official argument of and the rhetorical figures or the metaphors, Milton's elaborately construed language, which he uses to illustrate that argument.
这就像是一个鸿沟在专著中的正式论点,和运用修辞和比喻的部分之间打开了，弥尔顿精心地解释和分析他用来，阐述这个论点的语言。
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And the reason for this, and this is a very important point about the photoelectric effect, and the point here is that the electrons here are acting as particles, you can't just add those energies together.
这个现象的原因是，这是光电效应非常重要的一个论点,这个论点就是电子,在这里是粒子行为，你不能仅仅把这些能量加在一起。
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If you look at it that way, then you're violating another one of Locke's treatises, which is that you can't take anything from anyone else.
如果你这么想的话，你就违反了,洛克的另一个论点，就是你不能拿走他人的财产。
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and then sort of synthesize concepts and create a cohesive argument,
还要整合概念，提出一个贯穿始末的论点，
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When Plato writes his Republic and devotes Book Ten, as I'm sure most of you know, to an argument in effect banishing the poets from the ideal republic, part of the argument is that poets are terrible imitators.
当柏拉图写《理想国》和《第十卷》的时候，你们肯定都听过这两部著作，他提出了一个一个论点，要把诗人从理想国中驱逐出境，他提到，诗人都是拙劣的仿造者。
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this is perhaps the most interesting thing because it forces us to show the complexity, to see the complexity, of semiotic relationships: a red light, just to return to the Christian holiday, a red light on a Christmas tree.
现在我们讲到了一个耐人寻味论点,这个问题迫使我们要思考，符号系统之间复杂的联系：,当我们再圣诞节时看到红灯，圣诞树上的红灯。
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If what we mean is the mental, but that the aspect, the behavioral aspect of the mental, where even a chess-playing computer probably has it, then that's not a very compelling argument.
如果我们说的是精神的某个方面,即精神的表现面,是一个甚至连象棋程序都可能拥有的方面,那这就不是一个令人信服的论点
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In other words, it's not a completely supercilious argument, sort of "God is brought into being the same way objects that we make use of are brought into being."
换句话说，这并不完全是一个目空一切的论点，他认为，上帝形成的方式,与我们所用之物形成的方式是一样的“
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We have to ask oursleves when Socrates puts his argument forward, which of these you have in mind?
我们要问问自己当苏格拉底,提出自己论点的时候，他脑中的是这三个中的哪一个？
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Now noticed if that's the way we interpret his argument, harmony works no longer as a counterexample.
注意到如果这是,我们解读他论点的方式，和声就不再一个反例了。
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And maybe that explains why Plato then goes on to offer yet another argument.
也许这揭示了为什么柏拉图,继而又提出了一个新的论点。
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It might be improved by presenting other views better and more objectively, since Kagan always ended a particular line of reasoning by defeating the argument if he didn't agree with it.
讲课效果会提升如果更好的,并更客观的展示其他观点，因为卡刚通常通过击败一个论点,来结束特定的推理，如果他不同意它。
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Now we've got a new one.
现在我们有了一个新论点
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First argument, you need the soul in order to explain the animation of the body.
第一个论点,你需要借助灵魂来解释肉体的生命力
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But before we dismiss Aristotle's account as insufferably inegalitarian and elitist, we have to ask a difficult question, not just of Aristotle, but more importantly of ourselves.
但在我们驳斥亚里士多德的论点之前,即令人无法忍受的不平等及精英者论点，我们必需要问一个艰难的问题，不只是关于亚里士多德，对我们更是重要。
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Let me turn now to a different claim that sometimes gets made about death.
现在让我转向另一个和死亡相关的论点。
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Now since I think that the arguments I'm about to sketch-- and I've just started sketching the first of is fails I hope you'll think it over and you'll eventually come to agree with me, yeah, these arguments don't really work after all.
由于我并不认同我将要介绍的论点,尽管我已经开始概述其中的第一个分论点了,我希望你们能够认真思考,最终你们也会同我的观点一致,的确,这些论点都不成立
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What about the fact that-- We said there's a family of arguments, all of which have the general structure, inference to the best explanation, you need souls in order to explain feature F. Plug in a different feature F and you get a new argument.
这个事实怎么样,我们说过有一大类观点,它们有一些共同的结构,有关于这个最佳解释的推论,需要用灵魂的概念,来解释功能特征F,代入一个不同的,功能特征就会得到一个新的论点
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