AIDS is a tremendous problem, deaths from HIV infection and AIDS a tremendous problem in Africa and other parts of the world.

艾滋病是一个巨大的问题,在非洲和世界其他地方,艾滋病毒感染和艾滋病带来的死亡,是一个巨大的问题

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So, this is a cell that's infected with a microorganism, it's infected with a virus, let's say it's infected with influenza virus.

这是一个感染了微生物的细胞,它感染了一种病毒,就说是感染了流感病毒吧

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Imagine a virus, for instance, that captured an animal's brain and then modified the animal's brain such that the animal would run out and bite other animals so as to pass on the virus.

想象一个病毒，例如，控制动物大脑，然后修改大脑,这个动物会跑出去咬其他动物,以传播病毒。

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You make a recombinant virus that has all the normal components of the virus but also has a gene that you want.

你就造出了一个重组病毒,它有普通病毒的各种组分,又带有你需要的基因

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Now, the other nice thing about viruses is not only are they very efficient but most viruses are specific for certain kinds of cells.

病毒的另一个绝妙之处在于,它们不仅高效,对特定细胞的特异性也很好

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

It's part of a family of viruses, and we'll talk about at least one other member of that family of viruses as we go through here.

它是病毒家族的一员,我们将会讨论病毒家族的其他成员,至少要讨论一个

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Again, this is a highly simplified version of the lifecycle of a virus.

再看一下,这是一个高度简化版的,病毒生命周期示意图

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

In particular, we're going to focus in the beginning, on polio virus, which is another great success story, but where a very different approach to vaccine development was used.

特别地,在开始我们会关注脊髓灰质炎病毒,那是又一个成功的故事,但又与发现疫苗的过程不尽相同

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So maybe you could figure out how to use what we know about molecular biology, to engineer a new virus that's still immunogenic, but not pathogenic any longer.

也许你能指出如何使用,分子生物学的有关知识,来设计一个既能产生免疫性,但又不再有致病性的新病毒

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

That's another advantage of using viruses as a gene therapy vector.

这是病毒,作为基因疗法载体的另一个优势

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Because this is not a virus at all, but it's a virus subunit, your body doesn't respond to it as strongly, your immune system doesn't respond to it as strongly.

因为这根本不是病毒,而是一个病毒亚基,机体对其反应不是那么强烈,免疫系统不会产生强烈的应答

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

One is in the U.S.at the Centers for Disease Control, where there is a sample of variola, which is kept, you know, frozen on ice in a heavily guarded facility.

一个在美国的疾病控制中心,那有一支天花病毒的样本,冰冻后置于重重保护之下

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

That's part of it, right?

这是消灭病毒的一个环节,对吧

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Here's a DNA virus, it infects a cell.

这是一个DNA病毒,它感染了一个细胞

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

It breaks down into its component parts and I show two of those component parts here, one is the genetic material, in this case DNA, and the other is all the proteins that form the structure of the virus.

分解为自身各种零件,这里给你们展示一下其中的两个,其一是遗传物质,这里指DNA,另一个是构建病毒结构的所有蛋白质

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选