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If so, then from an evolutionary standpoint any kindness towards an animal that an animal shows towards another animal--is a mystery.
如果这样，从进化论观点看,任何对动物善意行为,一个动物对另一个动物，是个谜团。
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There's this American movie "Animal House" about this like, crazy fraternity.
有个美国电影叫“动物之家”，讲述了一个很疯狂的男大学生联谊会。
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For a second he thought it was a skinned animal, and then he saw it was a woman."
他以为那是一种有皮的动物，后来才发现那是一个女人，“
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We have first of all, the whole offering or "burnt offering," it's sometimes called. This is when an animal is entirely burned to create, as the text says, a pleasant smelling odor or pleasant smelling smoke that ascends to God.
第一个，整祭品或者有时候被叫做“烧祭品“,动物被整个燃烧，散发一种，正如文章中所说的，一种令人愉悦的气味,或者一种令人愉快的烟雾，上升到上帝面前。
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An animal's merely the gene's way of making another gene.
动物只是一个基因,复制另一个基因的方式。
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Here's an example of using a large animal by inserting the gene that you're interested in, you can make this animal into a factory for the kind of protein that you would like to make.
这就是一个通过植入你所感兴趣的,基因来利用大型动物的例子,你同样能把这些动物变为,你所需要的目标蛋白的加工厂
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I just happened, while I was a graduate student at Oxford University, to meet somebody who is vegetarian and start talking to him about the way we treat animals which I really didn't know much about.
那时我还在牛津攻读硕士研究生,偶然遇到了一个素食者,我们聊到人类是怎样对待动物的,当时我的确不是很了解。
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And he works in Essex, in a zoo
他在艾塞克斯工作，在一个动物园里面，
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so you can get your burger animal style,
你可以要一个动物风格的汉堡，
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If you imagined a choice between this one gene that makes the animal choose to die and the other gene that makes an animal choose for its brothers to die, the gene that sacrifices the body it belongs to will make more copies in the future.
如果你想象做一个选择,一个基因让动物选择死亡,另一个基因让动物,选择为它的兄弟死亡，自我牺牲的基因,将来会复制更多自己。
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Those animals that you produce are called transgenic animals because they're expressing, usually at high levels, a transgene or a gene that's not normally present in their species.
那么这些小鼠就称为转基因动物,因为转基因动物,通常能高效地,表达转基因,即一个通常不存在于该物种的基因
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They also had a creation story. They had a flood story. They did animal sacrifices. They observed purity taboos. Israelite religion was another Ancient Near Eastern religion and they differed from their neighbors only over the number of gods they worshiped: one or many.
他们都有原创的神话，他们都有一个关于洪水的神话,都有动物牺牲，他们都尊崇高洁的竹子,以色列宗教是另一种古近东宗教，它们和别的宗教,唯一不同之处就在于崇拜的神的数量：一个还是多个。
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She was meant to remember. She faced that possibility as she might the toy street from a high balcony, roller-coaster ride, feeding time among the beasts in a zoo, any death wish that can be consummated by some minimum gesture.
她生来就是为了回忆的，她面临着一种可能性,当她在一个高高的阳台看着玩具街时，当她坐过山车时，当她在动物园里喂野兽时，通过一个小小的手势。
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It only works within species. So, in another experiment they put a rabbit in the other room and the chimpanzee would slap the lever repeatedly to make the rabbit scream in pain and jump.
这种结果只出现在同种动物上，在另一个实验里,他们在另一个房间放一只兔子,结果黑猩猩不停地拍杠杆,让兔子痛得上跳下窜，大声尖叫。
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Another thing that's different about human cells and animal - human cells and bacterial cells is that many bacterial cells can swim and can exist in suspension, that means just suspended in a fluid.
人类细胞和动物细胞--,和细菌细胞,另一个重要不同是,许多细菌细胞可以游动,可以生活在悬浮液中,就是说可以悬浮在液体中
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First of all, corpses and certain carcasses at are a source of ritual impurity: sara'at, which is this--we translate it "scale disease," it's been called leprosy. It's definitely not leprosy.
首先是尸体和一些动物的尸体,它们是仪式上不洁的一个来源，sara’,这个词我们翻译过来是“一种大规模的传染病“,也就是麻风病，事实上它并不是麻风病。
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Imagine a virus, for instance, that captured an animal's brain and then modified the animal's brain such that the animal would run out and bite other animals so as to pass on the virus.
想象一个病毒，例如，控制动物大脑，然后修改大脑,这个动物会跑出去咬其他动物,以传播病毒。
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You could do the same thing in mammals and here's one quick example of that, using a different kind of a vector, but inserting a gene into the fertilized egg of a mammal, in this case, a sheep.
你也能在哺乳动物上做到同样的效果,这里有另一个简短的例子,用了另一种载体,把一段基因注入哺乳动物的受精卵中,在这里我们用了绵羊
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