It is tested whether there exists a long equilibrium relationship between consumer confidence index and consumption demand.
对消费者信心指数是否与消费需求存在长期的均衡关系进行了实证研究。
The empirical analysis shows that there is long equilibrium relationship and Granger causality between economic growth and government expenditure, which support for Wagner's law in China.
实证分析表明，中国的经济增长和财政支出存在长期的均衡关系和格兰杰因果关系，瓦格纳法则在中国是成立的。
As an important tool of testing time series stationarity, unit root test is always used, and cointegration test is also often implied for judging long equilibrium between nonstationary variables.
单位根检验是计量经济学中检验时间序列数据平稳性的最重要工具，而协整检验则是用来判断非平稳变量之间是否存在长期均衡关系的常用方法。
As an important tool of testing time series stationarity, unit root test is always used, and cointegration test is also often implied for judging long equilibrium between nonstationary variables.
单位根检验是计量经济学中检验时间序列数据平稳性的最重要工具，而协整检验则是用来判断非平稳变量之间是否存在长期均衡关系的常用方法。
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