All application layer protocols use the sockets layer as their interface to the transport layer protocol.
所有应用层协议都使用套接字层作为与传输层协议之间的接口。
The interface layer inputs data to the protocol layer through this IP input queue.
接口层通过此IP输入队列将数据输入到协议层。
The transaction context from the client layer will propagate to the API layer methods and all methods invoked under the API layer.
客户端层中的事务上下文将传播给API 层方法以及在 API 层中调用的所有方法。
You can achieve greater flexibility, adaptability, and independence when each layer is only loosely coupled to the layer above and below.
当每个层仅松散耦合到其上和其下的层时，您可以实现更强的灵活性、适应性和独立性。
This layer represents and USES the metadata that is key to the successful decoupling of each layer from its neighboring service layer.
此层表示并使用元数据，元数据对于将每个层与其邻近的服务层成功分离非常关键。
This is necessary to isolate the relational layer from the object layer, but this convenience comes at the cost of performance.
这对于将关系层与对象层分离是必需的，但这种便利是以牺牲性能为代价获得的。
Above the link layer is the network layer, which is responsible for directing packets to their destinations.
链路层上面是网络层，它负责将报文定向到目标位置。
The best example of this is when the application creates these tokens in the servlet layer and then passes them to an EJB layer.
最能说明问题的例子是，当应用程序在servlet层创建这些令牌，然后将其传递到ejb层的时候。
There are only a few places to implement performance gains in an application – the presentation layer, the application layer, and the storage layer.
在一个应用程序中仅有几个地方能够实现性能增益 -表示层、应用层和存储层。
This article focuses on the three layers within the architecture that are most relevant to the process modeler: the consumer layer, the business process layer, and the services layer.
本文重点讨论体系结构中与流程建模人员最相关的三个层：使用者层、业务流程层和服务层。
Perhaps the most important concept to understand is that on the host machine each layer communicates with its corresponding layer on the remote machine.
也许，需要理解的最重要的概念是：主机上的每一层都与远程机器上的对应层通信。
Below the file system layer is the buffer cache, which provides a common set of functions to the file system layer (independent of any particular file system).
文件系统层之下是缓冲区缓存，它为文件系统层提供了一个通用函数集(与具体文件系统无关)。
Select the layer and change the layer mode to color dodge and opacity to 50%.
选中图层，将图层模式更改为颜色减淡，透明度更改为50%。
Changes to the data layer update the presentation layer, just as changes to the presentation layer will update the data layer.
对数据层的修改会更新表示层，对表示层的修改也会更新数据层。
You can't fully manipulate the bottom layer called 'Background', so select this layer, go up to the options at the top of the Layers palette and duplicate the layer.
你无法修改最底下那个叫做“背景”的图层。所以选择它，在图层面板上部的选项菜单中复制图层。
IP, located one layer down, at the OSI network layer, or layer 3, communicates the addresses of each packet's sender and receiver to the routers along the way.
IP位于下一层，在OSI的网络层，即第三层，把每个包的发送者和接收者地址告诉一路上各个路由器。
It has to, in effect, introduce a layer of abstraction, allowing for changes in a data layer with no or minimal impact to service implementations.
实际上，它需要引入一个抽象层，以允许数据层的更改而不影响服务实现或将这种影响降到最低。
The purpose of XForms model is similar to that of XML data model: to separate the data layer from the presentation layer.
XForms模型的用途与XML数据模型相似：对数据层和表示层进行分离。
The top layer should now point down to the layer beneath.
顶部图层应当指向下面的图层。
When a page request is being made, SAPI layer gives control to PHP layer.
当一个页面请求发生时，SAPI层将控制权交给PHP层。
This layer is hereafter referred to as the package layer in this article.
后面把这一层称为包层。
For this article, we're concerned with the Business layer and to a lesser extent the Presentation layer.
在本文中，我们主要关注业务层和显示层。
A proxy is used to communicate between the presentation layer and service layer.
用代理(proxy)实现表现层与服务层之间的通信。
Additionally, an SDO object can be used to carry information between the presentation layer and the business layer.
此外SDO对象可以在表示层和业务层间传递信息。
Using the IValidationDictionary interface and the ModelStateWrapper class enables us to completely isolate our service layer from our controller layer.
使用IValidationDictionary接口和ModelStateWrapper类，使我们完全把service层从controller层中隔离出来了。
You can use any technology to implement a layer, whether the technology targets that layer or not, as long as compromises are understood and any impact on separation of concerns is minimized.
只要妥协是合理的而且对关注点隔离的影响最小，可以使用任何技术实现某一层，无论这种技术是否针对这一层。
The UIP application Block allows you to abstract the presentation layer code of your application into a separate layer.
UIP ApplicationBlock允许你抽象应用程序中表现层的代码到另外一个层。
It would make more sense to separate the presentation layer (the Web module) and the business (or persistence) layer.
分离表示层(Web模块)和业务(或持久性)层会更行得通。
One of the earlier design decisions we have encountered in the initial model is whether it is better to swap the positioning of the industry layer and the business domain layer.
我们在初始模型中遇到的较早设计决策之一是将行业层和业务领域层交换一下位置是否会更好。
One of the earlier design decisions we have encountered in the initial model is whether it is better to swap the positioning of the industry layer and the business domain layer.
我们在初始模型中遇到的较早设计决策之一是将行业层和业务领域层交换一下位置是否会更好。
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