Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades—by 2005 some 20% of human genes were patented.
几十年来，许多公司都获得了分离DNA的专利——到2005年，大约20%的人类基因都已获取专利。
For some complex conditions all the genes that contribute to risk have not yet been discovered.
因为对于一些情况复杂的病症来说，导致患病风险的基因并没有全部被发现。
For some, the inability to settle down may be linked to their genes.
对于某些人而言，这种无能为力可能跟他们的基因有关。
For example, some dopamine genes have already been implicated in the condition, she said, but other genes are undoubtedly involved as well.
例如，一些多巴胺基因的影响至关重要，但其它一些基因的影响无疑也深具影响。
There are just some genes that are on, and some that are off, that are not good for the animal, for the developing embryo.
就是有某些基因，如果强制开启或者关闭，会对动物和发育中的胚胎造成伤害。
Some of the candidates corresponded to known genes. Others did not, and the next phase of the project will be to search the areas of the genome that the SNPs point at for likely genetic suspects.
有一些“候选基因”与已知基因是一致的，有些则不然，因此该研究计划下一步对基因组中SNP靶向区域进行研究，以求找出其中所可能具有的遗传特性。
Into some bacteria they inserted genes for resistance to particular antibiotics; the idea is that only the antibiotic-resistant bacteria are carrying the real message.
在一些细菌中他们添加了抵抗特定抗生素的基因。原理如下，只有那些载有抗生素抗体基因的细菌才携带有真实的信息。
For the theory to work, these genes would have to confer some extra reproductive advantage to their straight carriers.
如果这一理论成立，就意味着那些携带有此类基因的异性恋同类在生殖方面应具有额外优势。
Researchers then tested mutant flies that are missing some of these socially responsive genes and confirmed that these particular genes are important for behavior.
研究人员然后检测缺失一些这样与社交相关的基因的突变果蝇的行为，研究结果证实了这些特殊的基因对果蝇的行为十分重要。
The reigning theory is the same as it is for so many syndromes with no known cause: some people are born with genes that make them highly vulnerable to environmental stimuli.
主流理论的解释跟所有不明原因的综合症一样：“有些人天生的基因使他们难以抵御环境刺激。”
For example, both smoking and inheriting certain genes are risk factors for some types of cancer, but only smoking can be avoided.
举个例子来说，吸烟和遗传都是某些类型癌症的危险因素，但是，只有吸烟可以避免。
In some areas, such as genes, software and stem-cell research, the question of what qualifies for protection is controversial.
在一些领域，如基因，软件及干细胞研究方面，哪些可以得到保护仍然是一个有争议的话题。
Some genes confer increased risk for disease, for instance, but that doesn't mean someone will definitely get sick.
例如，有些基因信息表明有患病的风险，但不是说这个人肯定会患病。
Dr Milinski and Dr Wedekind also found an association between a woman's MHC genes and some of her preferences for perfume.
两位博士还发现女人的MHC基因与她喜欢的香水之间也有一定的联系。
The groundbreaking work is considered to have laid the scientific foundation for efforts to eradicate some diseases in humans by manipulating genes.
这项突破性的工作，为通过操控基因而根治某些疾病奠定了科学基础。
The genetic changes on chromosome 22 have been known for some time, he says, but the exact genes that cause the increase in risk still remain unclear.
位于22号染色体的遗传改变我们早已知之，他说，但是引起患病危险升高的确切基因仍不清楚。
Cichlids have some of the most incredible visual systems known. Humans have genes that code for three different types of visual pigments, called opsins. Cichlids have seven.
慈鲷有最非凡的视觉系统。人类有这种基因，有三种不同的类型的视色素，称为视蛋白。慈鲷有七种。
Our method extended the utility of universal primers and provided implications for primer design and PCR amplification of some other genes.
新方法扩展了“通用引物”的适用范围，并为引物设计和一些其它基因的PCR放大提供了思路。
For some couples, cloning represents the only hope of having a child carrying their genes.
对于有些夫妇来说，要想得到一个携带他们自己基因的孩子，克隆是唯一的希望。
After they were allowed to warm up, even for a day, some genes in the tomatoes that created its flavor volatiles had turned off and stayed off.
恢复室温后——哪怕只有一天——番茄中一些产生其味道挥发物的基因便不再起作用，而且无法恢复。
Conclusions Some DNA replication, and damage repair genes associated with benzene poisoning show differential expression, which provides the basis for screening biomarkers of benzene poisoning.
结论苯中毒患者外周血白细胞的DNA复制及损伤修复基因与正常人相比存在差异性表达，为进一步筛选苯中毒生物标志物提供了依据。
Conclusions Significantly differential expression of some cell cycle related genes in infected cells could be the mechanism for the cell cycle dysregulation caused by HCMV infection.
结论HCMV感染使部分细胞周期相关蛋白基因差异性表达可能是HCMV导致宿主细胞周期紊乱的原因之一。
Molecular genetic research reveals that some endogenous genes in plants are responsible for parthenocarpy, even that some genes derived from bacteria can regulate the production of plant hormones.
分子遗传研究表明，植物基因组中含有影响单性结实的基因，某些来自于细菌的基因也可在植物激素生物合成途径中起调节作用。
Blood samples are examined for mutations in some of the genes that cause different types of muscular dystrophy.
血液样本进行检查的突变基因在一些引起不同类型的肌肉营养不良症。
Coffee addicts have an excuse for blaming their genes. According to new research, genetic factors could explain why some people consume large amounts of caffeine.
嗜咖啡的人有借口可以怪罪基因了，根据新研究，基因因素可以解释有些人为什么要摄取大量咖啡因。
The expression data analysis showed that there were some male or flower development related genes around them. These genes could be candidate genes for further biological experiments.
虽然其他两个基因周围没有发现雄性不育的基因，但是表达数据分析表明，在这些基因周围有与雄性发育有关的基因，这些基因可以作为候选基因。
Some experts were saying that the unexpectedly low number of human genes would be good for medicine, since there are fewer genes to understand.
一些专家说，未料到人类基因数目如此少，但这对医学可能是个好消息，因为这样需要弄明白的基因就较少。
Some experts were saying that the unexpectedly low number of human genes would be good for medicine, since there are fewer genes to understand.
一些专家说，未料到人类基因数目如此少，但这对医学可能是个好消息，因为这样需要弄明白的基因就较少。
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