But they were not just explorers.
但他们不仅仅是探险家。
They were hunted by Spanish and Russian explorers.
它们被西班牙和俄罗斯的探险家追捕。
When Dutch explorers landed in 1722, they met a Stone Age culture.
当荷兰探险家在1722年登陆时，他们感受到了石器时代的文化。
Explorers traced the Nile River to its several headstreams in Central Africa.
探险者在中非找到了尼罗河的几处源头。
These individuals often forged close working relationships with European explorers.
这些人经常与欧洲探险家建立密切的工作关系。
Even though there are myriad hardships and hazards, they can't stop the dauntless explorers.
纵有千难万险，也挡不住英勇的探险队员。
Explorers even need to wear special masks to protect themselves from the gases in these caves.
探险家们甚至需要戴上特殊的面具来保护自己不受洞穴里气体的伤害。
Those providing local support and information to explorers were themselves often not "locals".
那些为探险者提供当地支持和信息的人通常本身不是“当地人”。
For centuries, transits of Venus have drawn explorers and astronomers alike to the four corners of the globe.
几个世纪以来，金星凌日吸引了探险家和天文学家们汇聚到地球的四个角落。
For returning explorers, successful or not, the geography of their own archipelagoes would have provided a safety net.
对于归来的探险者来说，无论成功与否，群岛的地理位置都会为他们提供一张安全网。
They will serve as modern Magellans, mapping out the solar system for whatever explorers follow, whether man or machine.
他们将作为现代麦哲伦人，绘制出太阳系的蓝图，无论探险者是人类还是机器。
When famous explorers like Columbus and da Gama and Magellan left Europe in their ships, they weren't looking for a new world.
当哥伦布、达·伽马和麦哲伦等著名的探险家们乘船离开欧洲时，他们并不是为了寻找一个新世界。
By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers, industrialists and explorers.
相比之下，维多利亚时代的作家萨穆尔·斯迈尔斯则写下了《自助》一书，记录工程师、实业家和探险家们有价值的生活。
For centuries, explorers have risked their lives venturing into the unknown for reasons that were to varying degrees economic and nationalistic.
几个世纪以来，探险家们冒着生命危险探索未知的世界，其原因在不同程度上与经济和民族主义有关。
However, his part in one of the greatest adventure stories of the 20th century is hardly known outside his own country, even by fellow explorers.
然而，20世纪最伟大的冒险故事之一中他的角色在国外几乎无人知晓，甚至连其他探险家也不知道。
Or the go-betweens—including interpreters and traders—who translated the needs and demands of explorers into a language that locals could understand?
或者是那些将探险者的需求翻译成当地人能理解的语言的中间人——包括口译员和贸易商？
Such questions have received surprisingly little attention in standard histories, where European explorers are usually the heroes, sometimes the villains.
令人惊讶的是，这样的问题在标准的历史中很少受到关注，在标准的历史中欧洲探险家通常是英雄，有时是恶棍。
The early explorers and settlers told of abundant deer in the early 1800s and yet almost in the same breath bemoaned the lack of this succulent game animal.
早期的探险家和殖民者都讲述过十九世纪早期出现的大量的鹿群，但几乎同时，他们也为现在很难找到这种美味的猎物而感到惋惜。
Short segments of the road had been observed by earlier explorers, Bown said, but they failed to realize its significance or follow up on their observations.
鲍恩说，早期的探险者已经观测过这条路的一小段，但他们没有意识到它的重要性，也没有继续进行观测。
We have all heard tales of lone, heroic explorers, but what about the local individuals who guided and protected European explorers in many different parts of the globe?
我们都听说过孤独而英勇的探险家的故事，但是在地球上许多不同地方引导和保护欧洲探险家的当地人呢？
Many of the most famous examples of explorers said to have been "lone travellers"—say, Mungo Park or David Livingstone in Africa—were anything but "alone" on their travels.
许多被说成是“孤独的旅客”的最著名的探险家——比如在非洲旅行的Mungo Park或David Livingstone——途中根本不孤独。
In some accounts, the leading African members of expedition parties—the "officers" or "foremen"—are identified, and their portraits published alongside those of European explorers.
在一些记载中，探险队的非洲主要成员——“军官”或“工头”——被识别出来，他们的肖像和欧洲探险家的肖像刊登在一起。
In their published narratives, European explorers rarely portrayed themselves as vulnerable or dependent on others, despite the fact that without this support they were quite literally lost.
在他们发表的叙述中，欧洲探险家很少把自己描绘成脆弱或依赖他人的人，尽管事实上，没有别人的支持，他们会完全迷失。
In 1586, they were taken to Europe by explorers.
1586年，它们被探险家带到欧洲。
How many kinds of extreme athletes or explorers are mentioned in the passage?
文章中提到了多少种极限运动员或探险家？
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