The two main classes are RNA viruses (see retrovirus) and DNA viruses.
主要的二类是核糖核酸病毒和去氧核糖核酸病毒。
Geminiviruses are a group of single-stranded circular DNA viruses with twinned particles occurring worldwide.
双生病毒是一类具有孪生颗粒的单链环状DNA病毒。
As the reverse transcriptase is lack of effective function of proofreading the bases, the HBV genome is easier to mutate than other DNA viruses.
HBV复制过程中要经过逆转录，由于逆转录酶缺乏有效的碱基校对功能，故hbv基因组比一般dna病毒易发生变异。
Adenoviruses are relatively large DNA viruses-as opposed to many other viruses that replicate using rna-that commonly cause colds and respiratory infections in humans.
腺病毒是比较大的DNA病毒——与许多其他用RNA复制的病毒相反，是用DNA复制的——通常引起人类的感冒和呼吸道感染。
Geminiviruses are a group of plant DNA viruses characterized by their unique twinned particles, and are currently emerging as a major threat to crop production worldwide.
双生病毒是一类具有孪生颗粒形态的植物单链dna病毒，目前已在多个国家和地区的作物上造成毁灭性危害。
During multiplication and maturation, the lengthy genomic DNA of dsDNA viruses is translocated with remarkable velocity into a limited space within the procapsid and packaged to crystalline density.
在双链dna病毒增殖和成熟的过程中，需要将相当长的子代dna装入一个极为有限空间的新生病毒衣壳。
The ability to synthesise huge screeds of DNA at will means the genomes of viruses can be replicated already, and replicating those of bacteria is not far off.
现在的科技可以随意合成冗长的DNA链，这意味着我们已经能够复制病毒的基因组，而细菌基因组的复制也指日可待。
From generation to generation, the virus's DNA would mutate. It would lose its ability to produce normal viruses.
一代一代地传递，病毒DNA可能会发生变异，可能会失去产生正常病毒的能力。
In this case, we let the players come up with new sequences that don't exist in nature, that we want to have some desired function, from inhibiting viruses to manipulating DNA.
既然如此，我们让玩家想出新的序列，这些序列不存在于大自然并且具有我们期望的从抑制病毒到控制DNA的特性。
Scientists have now discovered that these viruses have integrated themselves into the DNA of a wide range of animals, including humans, zebrafish, and other vertebrates.
科学家如今发现这些病毒已将自身整合成大多动物的DNA，其中这些动物包括人类、斑马鱼以及另外的脊椎动物。
He wonders exactly how the RNA viruses are infecting cells without harming them, allowing them to become a part of an animal's DNA.
他想要确切的知道RNA病毒是如何在不伤害细胞的情况下感染细胞的，并且能使他们成为动物基因中的一部分。
Current methods use viruses or chemicals to bring foreign DNA inside cells, but these make permanent changes, which could have their own complications.
当前的方法使用病毒或者化学物质向细胞中引入外来dna，但是这些操作将带来永久性的改变，会引起其特有的并发症。
Bacteria have defences against viruses in the form of chemicals called restriction enzymes, which chop up foreign DNA.
细菌有一种对病毒的防御机制：一种叫做限制性内切酶的化学物质可以切断外源dna。
As long as the water is clear enough not to absorb the rays, exposing it to a discharge lamp will destroy the DNA of viruses, bacteria and protozoa that could otherwise cause illness when swallowed.
只要水足够清澈不吸收光线，放到放电管下就会破坏水中能引起疾病的病毒、细菌和原生动物的DNA。
That protection is somewhat counterintuitive: on the basis of DNA sequence alone, the two viruses are not strikingly similar.
这个发现出人意料，因为这两种病毒的DNA序列并不高度相似。
All are RNA viruses, which means they can't easily convert their genetic material into DNA, a necessary step for integrating into an animal's genome.
他们都是核糖核酸病毒(RNA病毒)，这就说明了他们不能轻易地将他们的遗传物质转化成dna，这是一个整合成动物基因组的必要步骤。
Scientists have found about 100, 000 elements of human DNA that probably came from viruses.
科学家们已经发现约10万个人类dna元件可能来自病毒。
Bacteria (and viruses) regularly swap DNA.
细菌(还有病毒)经常交换DNA。
The discovery raises the possibility that LINEs have kidnapped other viruses floating near their host’s DNA, like flu viruses.
这个发现提示了这样的可能性，即LINEs曾俘获游离在宿主DNA附近的其它病毒，像禽流感病毒。
They believe that infectious prions might wake viruses that lie dormant in the DNA of an uninfected cell.
他们相信感染朊病毒可能唤醒健康细胞内其他病毒沉睡的DNA。
Viruses also, though more rarely, swap DNA with animals.
病毒同时也会跟动物交换DNA，尽管几率少得多。
Viruses can also cause genetic mutations when they integrate themselves into human DNA.
病毒整合进人类DNA时也会导致基因突变。
The artificial gene units are created by joining fragments of DNA from viruses, bacteria, plants and animals.
这些人造的基因单位通过连接病毒、细菌、植物与动物的基因片段创造。
Many viruses are now known to interact with DNA damage sensing and repair machinery.
现在认为很多病毒会与该DNA损伤修复复合体相互作用。
One example of how cancers and viruses that have imbedded in your DNA can be healed, is by the use of special energies.
其中一个例子是，嵌入你们DNA中的癌与病毒可以通过利用特殊的能量而治疗。
Adenoviruses are the only enteric viruses that contain a DNA core.
腺病毒是唯一含有DNA核心的肠道病毒。
Adenoviruses are the only enteric viruses that contain a DNA core.
腺病毒是唯一含有DNA核心的肠道病毒。
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