The researchers analysed the sizes and structures of ash particles using a variety of techniques, such as atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.
研究人员使用不同的技术研究了火山灰颗粒的尺寸和结构，例如原子力显微镜、电子扫描显微镜和X射线衍射。
The program includes use of X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and other techniques for testing materials on the molecular level.
其中还涉及X射线衍射、电子显微镜及其他仪器的使用，以检测材料的分子结构。
The resultant surfaces were characterized by means of SEM, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and water contact Angle measurements.
用扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射、接触角测量等技术对表面进行了表征。
The constituents and the structures of the diamond films have been identified by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.
利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM ）、显微喇曼光谱、X射线衍射等手段对合成的金刚石薄膜的成分与结构进行了分析。
The crystallization and microstructure of the glass were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction technique.
用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射技术分析了微晶玻璃析晶和显微特征。
The sample's crystal phase, structure, morphology and the reaction process were characterized and analyzed by using X-ray diffraction(XRD), transmission electron microscopy(TEM).
采用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）分析手段对样品的物相、结构、形貌进行了表征和分析。
The structural change of PAN based carbon fibre by an electric current pulse was studied by means of X-ray diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).
用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）等技术研究了PAN基碳纤维在单电流脉冲作用下的结构变化。
They were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM).
产物经x -射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和高分辨电子显微镜(HRTEM)表征。
Then, the films were characterized with X ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), X ray diffraction(XRD), ultraviolet visible light absorption spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy(AFM).
用X光电子能谱、X射线衍射、紫外可见吸收光谱、原子力显微镜等手段对制备的薄膜进行了表征。
Influence of CO2 partial pressure on corrosion scale of P110 steel in stimulated oil field environments was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and x-ray diffraction(XRD).
利用高温高压釜设备辅以失重法、采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）技术，研究了在动静两种状态下CO2分压对P110钢腐蚀产物膜的影响。
The surface morphology and characteristics of the films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
该薄膜的表面形态和特征采用扫描电子显微技术(SEM)，X射线衍射(XRD)以及原子力显微技术(afm)描述。
The microstructure of multilayers was characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer.
利用透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和X射线能量色散谱仪分析了多层膜的微结构。
Using electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques, the structure changes of Fe-Cr-Al alloy being used at low temperature for a long time were investigated.
应用电子显微镜、X射线衍射技术，对低温长期使用的铁铬铝电热合金进行分析。
Moreover, the original surfaces and the fretted surfaces and cross-sections of the coatings were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.
基于微动损伤表面和截面扫描电子显微分析以及涂层原始表面和微动磨损表面X射线衍射分析，探讨了几种涂层的微动损伤机理。
The phase compositions and characteristics of glass-ceramics products were determined by the comprehensive methods such as optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, physical and chemical properties test.
通过光学显微分析、X射线衍射分析、物理化学性能测试等手段确定了微晶玻璃的物相组成及性能特征。
The nanowires were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, high resolution electron microscopy (HREM), electron energy loss spectroscopy.
应用X射线衍射仪、高分辨电子显微镜和电子能量损失谱分析了纳米线的微观结构。
The effect of electric field on the recrystallization and recrystallization texture development in cold-rolled copper was studied by X-ray diffraction (ODF analysis) combined with optical microscopy.
利用X射线衍射技术并结合金相组织观察和显微硬度实验，研究了冷轧工业纯钢在电场作用下的再结晶及织构演变规律。
The structures of RDX/RF aerogel were characterized by atomic force microscopy(AFM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray powder diffraction(XRD), and BET method.
用原子力显微镜（AFM），扫描电子显微镜（SEM），X 射线粉末衍射仪（XRD），BET 比表面积分析仪对其结构进行了表征。
Carbonated paddy has been studied through high resolution transmission electronic microscopy (HRTEM), X -ray powder diffraction and laser Raman spectroscopy.
对古代碳化稻谷进行了高分辨电子显微镜、X粉晶衍射和激光拉曼光谱研究。
X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic forced microscopy (AFM) and electronic diffraction spectroscopy (EDS) were respectively used to measure the morphologies, phase structures and composition.
通过X射线衍射（XRD）、原子力显微镜（AFM）、电子衍射能谱（EDS）等手段对薄膜进行了相的形成、结构特性及薄膜组成等的测试。
Structures and properties of these materials were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) observation and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis.
并采用X—射线衍射分析、扫描电镜和差热差重分析，研究了复合蓄热材料的性能和结构。
The study of the structure of metals and alloys, especially by optical and electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.
金相学，金属结构学以金属与合金结构为研究对象的学科，尤指用光学和电子显微镜使用。
X ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and photoluminescence (PL) are used to analyze the synthesized GaN nanorods.
用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、高分辨率透射电镜（HRTEM）和光致发光光谱（PL）对生成的产物进行了分析。
The occurrence of submicro grained gold has been confirmed by means of electron diffraction technology of transmission electron microscopy.
利用透射电镜电子衍射原理证实了黄铁矿中的次显微金；
The failure of the powder metallurgy valve seat was analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray energy spectrum and X-ray diffraction.
采用力学、物理性能测试，金相、扫描电镜、能谱和X衍射分析研究了气门座圈产品失效的主要原因。
Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) are employed to investigate the morphology and microstructures of carbon nanotubes.
用扫描电镜（TEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）研究了碳纳米管的形貌和微结构。
X-ray powder diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and photoluminescence spectra were used to characterize the resulted BAM phosphor.
通过X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）以及荧光光谱对获得的试样进行了表征。
Surface morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to analyze the crystal corrosion products.
采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察表面腐蚀形貌，XRD进行腐蚀产物分析。
The phase composition and microstructure of mullite powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning election microscopy techniques.
利用X射线衍射仪和场致发射扫描电子显微镜等手段对合成粉体的相组成、结构和形貌进行了研究。
The phase composition and microstructure of mullite powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning election microscopy techniques.
利用X射线衍射仪和场致发射扫描电子显微镜等手段对合成粉体的相组成、结构和形貌进行了研究。
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