Using one data entity per concrete class.
每个具体类使用一个数据实体。
No class should derive from a concrete class.
从接口继承，不要继承于具体类。
Strategy 3: One table per concrete class (Estates).
策略3：每个具体类一个表(estates)。
A concrete class that implements the DAO interface.
一个实现了dao接口的具体类。
How instantiate a concrete class in init binder?
如何实例化一个具体类初始化粘合剂？
Table per Concrete Class using Implicit polymorphism.
4使用隐式多态实现每个具体类一张表。
The class can be either an interface or a concrete class.
这个类既可以是个接口，也可以是个明确的类。
Create a mock object class as a subclass of the concrete class.
创建一个模拟对象类作为具体类中的一个子类。
What if the code we have uses a concrete class in its implementation?
如果我们拥有的代码在执行中使用一个具体的类该怎么办？
To mock a concrete class, use the mock (Class.class, "identifier") method.
要模拟具体类，则使用mock (class . class，“identifier ”)方法。
If you want to add more subtypes, simply create a new concrete class and use it.
如果你想添加更多子类型，只需创建一个新的具体类，并使用它。
Scenario 3: Use jMock and RMock to mock a concrete class with a nondefault constructor
场景3：使用jMock和RMock 模拟带有非默认构造函数的具体类
First, much of the work done by a concrete class is specified in the docstrings of methods.
首先，具体类所完成的大部分工作都在方法的文档字符串(docstring)中指定。
Figure 7 presents the persistence model when each concrete class is mapped to a data entity.
图7显示了将每个具体类映射成数据实体时的持久性模型。
All you've done here is take the same signature you used for the method in the actual concrete class.
在这里完成的所有操作是获得用于实际的具体类中方法的同一个签名。
The instance variables were declared as part of the bean implementation, which was a concrete class.
它将实例变量声明为Bean实现（一个实际的类）的一部分。
I would call a concrete class, every class that gathers some behaviors in order to emerge an entity.
我会打电话给一个具体的类，每个类集为了呈现一个实体的某些行为。
The value object in Listing 2 looks almost identical to our remote interface, but it's actually a concrete class.
清单2中的值对象看起来和我们的远程接口几乎相同，但它实际上是具体类。
Instead of accepting an ICollaborator interface, it now accepts a concrete class implementation (the Collaborator class).
它现在不接受ICollaborator接口，而接受具体类实现(collaborator类)。
For DI to work, you must have an interface whose concrete class you can inject into the consumer of the behavior you desire.
为了让DI工作，必须拥有一个接口，可以把这个接口的具体类注入到需要的行为的消费者中。
ScriptEngineManager is probably the only concrete class in the scripting package you'll use regularly; most of the rest are interfaces.
ScriptEngineManager可能是脚本包中惟一一个经常使用的具体类；其他大多数都是接口。
Shiv: - One of the most important points we have forgotten is we need to make our concrete class which will be called by the client.
希夫：-最重要的，我们已经忘记的一点是我们需要使我们的具体类将由客户端调用。
If you want to add more subtypes, simply create a new concrete class and use it. Hence we can now easily extend our code without any worries.
如果你想添加更多子类型，只需创建一个新的具体类，并使用它。因此，我们现在可以很容易地扩展我们的代码，还没有任何忧虑。
Our third and last strategy is probably the most imaginative of all: having one table per concrete class and none for the Estate abstract superclass.
我们的第三个，也是最后一个策略可能是三个策略当中最有想象力的：每个具体类一个表，抽象超类estate没有表。
In this way, you can change the concrete class later without changing the library code, which relies solely on the definition you created in the interface.
这样，日后就可以在不改变库代码的情况下修改具体的类，因为库只依赖接口中创建的定义。
So, if you inherit the abstract class in multiple concrete classes, then the properties of the abstract class will be part of each table of the concrete class.
因此如果你在多个具体的类中，继承了抽象类的话，那么这个抽象类的属性将会是每一个具体的类(表)的属性的一部分。
If you only have a concrete class, you can create an interface from the class, change your application code to program to the interface, and then proceed as described above.
如果您只有一个具体的类，那么您可以从类中创建一个接口，您的应用程序代码改写为接口，然后按照前面的描述继续进行。
Client classes can be coded to require only the abstract type, leaving the strategies and outcomes of implementation to the concrete class instances passed to them at run time.
客户机类可被编码为只需要抽象类型，而把实现策略和结果留给在运行时传递给它们的具体类实例。
Thus, the class that knows the algorithm is not an abstract base class, but a concrete class that uses a helper that implements an interface defining the individual steps.
因此，了解算法的类不是一个抽象类，而是一个定义了具体的操作步骤，用帮助类实现了接口的具体的类。
The powerful as operator in Groovy takes a code block and generates a new class that implements the interface, which you can then call as if it were a concrete class implementing the interface.
Groovy中强大的as操作符接收一个代码块并生成一个新类来实现该接口，您可以像调用实现该接口的具体类一样调用它。
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