The density restriction is one of population competition effects.
密度制约是植物种内竞争效应之一。
The gain competition effects in the fiber Raman amplification (FRA) and EDF amplification are analyzed and compared experimentally.
实验分析和比较了光纤拉曼放大器和掺铒光纤放大器中的增益竞争影响。
There are four types of channels on enterprise technology spillovers: Model and replication effects, competition effects, the associated effects, human capital flows.
外商企业技术外溢有四类渠道：示范和模仿效应、竞争效应、联系效应、人力资本流动。
The existence of competition has been long known to naturalists; its effects were described by Darwin in considerable detail.
自然学家早就知道竞争的存在；达尔文对它的影响做了相当详细的描述。
The objectives of reversing the damaging effects of state aid on competition and of ensuring that bailed-out firms have viable business plans are not controversial.
（其）扭转（干涉）竞争的国家救助（产生）的破坏性影响和确保被救助公司有可行性商业计划的两个目标没有争议。
Timothy Hannan and Robin Prager, both of the Federal Reserve, find that increased competition from multi-market institutions has had markedly different effects in rural and urban areas.
任职于联邦储备局的Timothy Hannan和RobinPrager发现，来自跨市场的大银行的日益激烈的竞争在郊区跟在城市有显著不同的作用。
But later we found out the export tax rebate adjustment may have many side effects too, and in some extent inconsistent with the principle of equal competition.
但是，后来发现出口退税的调整可能也有不少副作用，在某种程度上与平等竞争的原则不一致。
But later we find that adjusting export rebates may also have many side effects and is inconsistent with the fair competition principles to some degree.
但是，后来发现出口退税的调整可能也有不少副作用，在某种程度上与平等竞争的原则不一致。
Later on, however, we found that the adjustment of export tax rebate may have side effects, and it was inconsistent with the principle of equal competition.
但是，后来发现出口退税的调整可能也有不少副作用，在某种程度上与平等竞争的原则不一致。
Later, however, we found that the adjustment in export tax rebate may also have a lot of side effects, and in a way it is inconsistent with the principle of equal competition.
但是，后来发现出口退税的调整可能也有不少副作用，在某种程度上与平等竞争的原则不一致。
Simple perception judgment task and complex perception reasoning task were adopted to examine the effects of competition and combination on performance of perceptual task.
采用简单的知觉判断任务和复杂的知觉推理任务，考察竞争与组合对知觉任务绩效的影响。
The accuracy of perception reasoning was significant higher in combination condition than in single person condition, but competition had no effects.
完成知觉推理任务时，组合条件下的正确率显著高于单人条件下的正确率，竞争因素没有影响。
The effects of globalization are discussed, with special reference to the prospective emergence of a worldwide network of creative cities bound together in relations of competition and cooperation.
本文也探讨了全球化的影响，特别提及全球范围的与竞争和合作密切相关的创意城市网络的预期出现。
This paper analyses the positive and negative effects of international tax competition, and provide OECD provision on the harmful international tax competition.
本文分析了国际税收竞争的正负效应，并给出了OECD关于有害税收竞争的规定。
This is partially because of security considerations, but this is also due to the pernicious effects of competition.
这其中有一部分是出于安全性的考虑，但这也是竞争中的致命财产。
The results indicated that the accuracy of perception judgment was significant higher in competition condition than in non-competition condition, but combination had no effects.
结果表明：完成知觉判断任务时，有竞争条件下的正确率显著高于无竞争条件下的正确率，组合因素没有影响；
The stability of genetic carrier (cluster) is dependent on the competition between repetitious cooling and heating impulse as well as effects of electric pulse modification.
遗传载体—团簇的稳定性在于反复冷热激励与电脉冲孕育两因素的竞争。
Thus, we must research the standards competition of ICT industry based on the theory of network effects.
因此，有必要从网络效应的视角，对ICT产业的标准竞争进行深入的研究。
The effects of proprietary costs of competition in product marketon voluntary disclosure decisions are analyzed using Cournot model in this paper.
采用古诺模型分析了产品市场竞争劣势成本对上市公司管理层自愿披露决策的影响。
Based on above empirical research, this article, on the ground of "competition for technology", initiates policy advice that will promote FDI to create more spillover effects.
基于上述实证结果，本文最后从“以竞争换技术”的角度提出了促使外资产生更大溢出效应的政策建议。
In this paper, we study the effects of switching costs on networks' growth and competition when network externalities exist.
研究网络外部性条件下切换成本对网络的成长和竞争所造成的影响。
Price higher than the average avoidable cost, if exclusive effects of market competition and predatory intention was founded, it would constitute predatory pricing.
价格高于平均可避免成本，如果被证明产生了排斥市场竞争的效果和具有掠夺性定价意图，那么也会构成掠夺性定价。
This assessment, which shall be available to the public, must analyze costs of compliance, potential inflationary or recessionary effects, and effects on competition, consumer costs, and energy use.
这个公众可以得到和采用的估价，必须分析遵守规章所用代价，潜在的通货膨胀和价格暴跌的影响，竞争的影响，消费者的成本和使用能力。
Objective To investigate the effects of competition stress on the immune function of ice hockey players.
目的：探讨比赛应激对冰球运动员免疫机能的影响。
The effects of home field environment, competition at home field, and players' inner experience difference of home and away matches are the three basic factors of home advantage.
引起主场效应的基本因素为主场的条件效应、主场的竞赛效应和运动员的主客场心理感受差异效应。
This paper analyses agglomeration effects of interregional tax competition in the new economic geography settings.
本文是在新经济地理学的框架下，分析产业集聚效应对地区间税收竞争的影响。
Competition risk of our advantage events can make negative effects on elite athlete's performance.
参赛风险事件对我国优势项目高水平运动员比赛发挥造成消极影响。
Our empirical results suggest that the effects that branching had on competition were quantitatively more important than geographical diversification for bank stability in the 1920s and 1930s.
我们的经验数据表明，开设分行对竞争产生了影响，这一影响对稳定1920年代及1930年代银行的重要性，更大地体现在数量上，而不是体现在地域多样化上。
Our empirical results suggest that the effects that branching had on competition were quantitatively more important than geographical diversification for bank stability in the 1920s and 1930s.
我们的经验数据表明，开设分行对竞争产生了影响，这一影响对稳定1920年代及1930年代银行的重要性，更大地体现在数量上，而不是体现在地域多样化上。
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