他偶然发现了一个450万年前的有袋动物的颌骨。
He came across the jawbone of a 4.5 million-year-old marsupial.
而另一种蛇类，黄颌蛇，并不完全属于任何一个类别。
Another family of snakes, the colubrids, don't really fit neatly into either category though.
对于黄颌蛇来说，毒液一定有其他的作用，可能和消化猎物有关。
For colubrids, the venom must serve some other purpose, maybe linked to digesting prey.
黄颌蛇，你可能也听过这种蛇，虽然它们经常被归类为毒蛇，但实际上它们通常是无毒的。
Colubrids, and you probably heard this too, although they are often classified as venomous snakes, they are actually generally non-venomous.
将黄颌蛇与其他被我们归类为毒蛇的蛇区别开来的，并不是它们没有毒液，而是缺乏一种将毒液输送到猎物体内的有效方法。
What separates colubrids from other snakes we have been classifying as venomous, is not the lack of venom, but the lack of an effective way to deliver the venom into its prey.
它窄长的头骨、没有牙齿的尖颌和短短的颈椎表明，它与无齿翼龙类似。
Its elongated skull with toothless tips and short cervical vertebrae indicate that it is similar to that of Pteranodon.
接下来的六年里，乔伊在里尔与医院颌面外科医师艾玛·伍丽一起工作。
Over the next six years, Joy worked with maxillofacial surgeon Emma Woolley in Rhyl.
他吃海星、颌针鱼。
这会损伤牙齿，让人头疼并使颌骨受损。
It can damage the teeth, give you headaches and make your jaw hurt.
沙蚕的颌齿是由蛋白质跟锌离子结合而成。
Ragworm jaws are made of a mixture of protein and zinc ions.
脊柱姿势不正将额外的压力放到你的颌关节。
手臂、左肩、肘部、颌部或背部疼痛或不舒服。
Pain or discomfort in the arms, the left shoulder, elbows, jaw, or back.
吉姆·贝尔说：“在哈达尔发现的颌骨怎么会具有误导性呢？”
而有强壮颌骨的动物，如大猩猩和猩猩，则适应吃那些需要很多咀嚼的食物。
Animals with robust jaws, like gorillas and orang-utans, have long been known to be adapted to eating foods that require a lot of chewing.
“一块羚羊颌骨内部的痕迹表明，这些原始人曾将它的舌头割了去，”怀特说。
"The marks on the inside of one antelope jaw showed they cut out the tongue," White said.
然而，当弄清楚在洁净水域的沙蚕，其颌齿也饱含锌的时候，该设想就行不通了。
That suggestion, however, fell apart when it became clear that the jaws of worms from clean water, too, were stuffed with zinc.
因此，当有这些（强壮）颌骨的化石出土时，人们便认为这些生物也是吃较硬的食物。
So when fossils with these jaw structures have turned up, it had been assumed that the creatures were eating tough foods too.
在它们扁圆头部的前端有一对弯曲的尖牙作为颌齿，用来俘获甲壳类生物并将其撕碎。
At the front of their bulbous blue heads they have curved fangs that act as jaws. They use these to capture and tear apart their crustacean prey.
位于第三的是专门对口腔、下巴和头部动手术的口腔颌面外科医生，他们平均每年收入210710美元。
At number three are oral and maxillofacial surgeons, who perform surgery on the mouth, jaw and head; they make $210, 710 per year.
现代阔口蛇，像蟒蛇和水蟒，能吃大的猎物是因为它们的颌关节恰位于头骨的后面，能使蛇的嘴张得非常宽。
Modern large-mouthed snakes, such as boas and anacondas, can eat large prey because their jaw joints are positioned well behind their skulls, allowing the snakes to open their mouths very wide.
而处于排卵期的女性更倾心于有男子气概的男人：颌骨宽大、双眉浓密、身材魁梧，浑身无不透着阳刚之气。
When the women were ovulating, however, they favoured the manly-looking men - big jaws, prominent eyebrows and larger bodies - the stuff that screams virility.
布兰金把颌骨送到阿得雷德实验室以后三周，收到了他一直期盼着的消息——奥斯丁已经提取到有用的基因物质。
Three weeks after delivering the jawbone to the Adelaide lab, Blenkin got the news he'd been hoping for - Austin had extracted usable genetic material.
它被称为锤状颌跳蛛（因为它的有毒鳌肢和口腔的附属物），这是一种非常小的物种——只有0.16英寸那么长。
Known as the hammerjawed jumper (for the shape of its fangs and mouth appendages), it's a very small species—only .16 of an inch long.
伯格尔博士和他的同事们在论文中写道，这块颌骨有一些类似人类的特征，然而，这并不表示这块颌骨的主人就必须是人类。
The jawbone has some human-like features, Dr. Berger and colleagues write, yet that does not mean the owner of the jawbone was necessarily human.
这个时间标识点的下方区域才是我们此次探寻的首要目的地：在这一片灌木丛生的平地处，1994年曾发掘出一块颌骨化石。
Just below this time stamp was our first destination: a bush-pocked flat where a fossil jawbone had been found in 1994.
另一些人认为由于我们的饮食更加趋向于那些易咀嚼的食物，导致原来宽大、强劲的颌骨逐渐退化，进而使得我们的头盖骨也随之缩小了。
Others think our skulls are getting smaller because our diets include more easily chewable foods and so large, strong jaws are no longer required.
几天以后，在该目击地的附近，化石猎手阿勒迈耶胡·阿斯范(AlemayehuAsfaw)有又发现了一片带有第一臼齿的儿童颌骨化石。
A couple of days later near the same spot, fossil hunter Alemayehu Asfaw found a piece of a child's jaw with a first molar tooth.
但是一项新的研究提出了这样一种可能性：虽然生物化石的颌骨和牙齿看起来似乎是按照事先设计好的方式发挥功能，但是这并不代表他们实际如此。
Yet a new study suggests that even if the jaws and teeth of fossilised creatures look as if they are built to function in a given way, it does not mean that they actually did so.
他没有浪费一点时间，把颌骨交给澳大利亚古dna检测中心之后，就驱车赶往阿得雷德南部的奥尔丁格，去向84岁的海伦·布莱克伯恩请求一份她的DNA标本。
He didn't waste any time. After handing the jawbone over to the Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, he drove south of Adelaide to Aldinga, to ask 84-year-old Helen Blackburne for a sample of her DNA.
严格说来，我们穿越时光之旅的下一站将停留在已有340万年的马卡（Maka）遗址，此地曾出土了南方古猿阿法种（Australopithecus afarensis）的一块颌骨以及其他一些遗骸。
Strictly speaking, our next stop on the walk through time should have been a 3.4-million-year-old site called Maka, which had yielded a jaw and some other remains of Australopithecus afarensis.
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