克隆是利用体细胞组织的一个确切的一个生物体的遗传复制的复制(或细胞)从供体生物。
Cloning is the replication of an exact genetic copy of an organism by use of a somatic tissue (or cell) from the donor organism.
米拉克对称为组织培养的最先进的方法有很高的期望，组织培养可以通过操纵个别细胞来产生完全一致的遗传复制品。
Milarch has high hopes for the most advanced approach, known as tissue culturing, which creates exact genetic replicas by manipulating individual cells.
同样再假设该物种表型复制之所以世代遗传的机制，就是上述观点中的“不完整性”。
Suppose, also, that the mechanisms that copy phenotypes from each generation to the next are "imperfect" in the sense given above.
其次它必须很快的生成遗传因子使得它能够自我复制，当然也不需要更多精心制造的”生物机器“——RNA,DNA什么的没那么早出现。
Secondly it must have been able to quickly assemble a genetic molecule that could make copies of itself without the need for more elaborate bio-machinery like RNA and DNA -- that would evolve later.
最糟糕的情形下，需要耗费的时间可能是DNA复制300,000代，这一计算来自于芝加哥大学人口遗传学家乔纳森。比查德。
In the worst case, the waiting time would be 300,000 generations, according to a calculation by Jonathan Pritchard, a population geneticist at the University of Chicago.
最糟糕的情形下，需要耗费的时间可能是DNA复制300,000代，这一计算来自于芝加哥大学人口遗传学家乔纳森。比查德。
In the worst case, the waiting time would be 300, 000 generations, according to a calculation by Jonathan Pritchard, a population geneticist at the University of Chicago.
这主要是因为Caspi等人消除了在行为遗传学中普遍流行的困境：效应小且不可复制。
Primarily this was because Caspi et al. addressed a problem that had been quite prevalent in behavioral genetics: small and non-reproducible effects.
遗传学：打造一个没有现代生命精密蛋白酶也能自我复制的系统，这是该工程最困难之处，不过已取得明显进展。
THE GENETICS: Making a system that can duplicate itself without modern life’s elaborate protein enzymes is the project’s biggest hurdle, but progress has been dramatic.
根据来自非洲、亚洲和欧洲的270个人的基因分析资料，科学家们绘制了新的“复制数量变异”图，它将改变科学家们寻找与疾病相关的遗传因子的方式。
The new CNV map – compiled from 270 individual genomes of people with African, Asian and European ancestry – will change the way in which scientists search for genes involved in disease.
他说端粒的工作对理解遗传物质如何被复制和储存是很重要的。
He says the work of telomeres is important to the understanding of how genetic material is copied and saved.
研究者们还发现一些蛋白参与了病毒遗传物质RNA将自己与细胞结构连接在椅子，然后进行复制的过程。
The researchers also found proteins involved in helping the virus's long strand of genetic material, called RNA, attach itself to the cellular structure that then copies it.
在复制的酿酒酵母的寿命是由遗传和环境因素。
The replicative lifespan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is determined by both genetic and environmental factors.
细胞核的功能：细胞核是真核细胞中最大的细胞器，也是遗传物质储存、复制和转录的场所。
Functional aspects of nuclear: : It is the largest organelle in the cell and the place for genetic storage, replication and transcription.
基因编辑可以对DNA进行有效且精准的“剪切复制”，该技术已经应用于非遗传“体细胞”的基础研究和临床研究。
Gene editing, which effectively allows the precise "cutting and pasting" of DNA, is already used in basic research and clinical studies that involve non-heritable "somatic" cells.
在雌性个体中，遗传功能失活的晚复制x染色体淡染色，可以和常染色体以及另一条X染色体鉴别。
In female individuals a late replicating X chromosome which genetically was inactive slightly stained and could be discriminated from the autosomes and other X chromosome.
该研究对于寻找新的DNA结合蛋白，研究生物体中遗传信息的复制、转录、修复和重组的分子生物学机制具有重要意义。
This research will facilitate to find new DNA-binding protein, and it is important to reveal the molecular mechanisms of DNA replication and transcription and DNA repair and recombination.
在长期进化历史中，由于植物更为频繁地发生整体和区域水平的基因组复制，使得遗传冗余更为广泛的存在于植物中。
Plants sustain much more genetic redundancy due to more frequent partial or whole genome duplication event occurred in their long evolution histories.
遗传算法是一种借鉴生物界自然选择和自然进化机制的搜索方法，通过对个体进行复制、交叉、变异操作完成搜索过程。
Genetic algorithms (GAs) are search algorithms based on of natural evolution processing including selection, mutation and crossover operations on the genes of individuals or potential solutions.
首先它能阅读邻近断裂的DNA内的遗传物质并复制它。
First, it reads the genetic material in DNA adjacent to the break and makes a copy of it.
如果细胞能准确复制和传递遗传物质，那么这些断裂就能修复。
These breaks must be repaired if the cells are to accurately replicate and pass on their genetic material.
RNA既携带遗传信息，又承担催化分子的作用，参与自身复制。
RNA both to carry genetic information, but also to assume the role of catalytic molecules to participate in their own copy.
RNA既携带遗传信息，又承担催化分子的作用，参与自身复制。
RNA both to carry genetic information, but also to assume the role of catalytic molecules to participate in their own copy.
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