结论：骶管裂孔穿刺为骶管麻醉常用进针点。
Conclusion: the sacral hiatus was usually for anesthesia at sacral canal.
目的：探讨下胸椎侧前方入路内固定进针点的相关问题。
Objective: To explore the correlative of the internal fixation point of the lower thoracic spine.
使用数字测温仪测量针尖、皮肤进针点及二者中点的温度。
Temperature of needle tips, the puncture spots on skin and midpoints of needles were measured with semi-conductor thermistor digital thermometer.
活检的要点包括选择最佳层面和进针点，作多点扇状快速抽吸。
The key points of aspiration biopsy included selection of the appropriate cross-section.
结论：以肋凹作为参照物，建立坐标系，确定进针点的位置，不仅可用于术前估计。
Conclusions: To confirm the internal fixation point, the author build the reference frame by the costal fovea.
针对枢椎侧方椎弓螺钉固定时确定进针点和进针方向困难的问题，通过导航仪寻找安全钉道。
To resolve the problem of the point and direction of the fixation of Axis lateral arch screw, using navigator finds the safe trajectory.
针对枢椎侧方椎弓螺钉固定时确定进针点和进针方向困难的问题，通过导航仪寻找安全钉道。
To resolve the problem of the point and direction of the fixation of Axis lateral arch screw, using navigator finds the safe trajectory.
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