先导链与滞后链编码序列的碱基使用频率基本一致。
There is same bases usage frequency in coding sequence between leading strand and lagging strand.
无碱基位损伤可作为诱导性易错修复功能的靶损伤。
Apurinic sites are the proper substrates of the inducible error-prone repair activity.
腺嘌呤指分子的一部分，即含氮碱基。
Adenine refers to a portion of the molecule, the nitrogenous base.
正是这些碱基序列构成密码并被细胞翻译成一个新的蛋白。
It is the sequence of these bases that forms the code which is translated by cellular machinery to create a new protein.
它们看起来仅仅是组成你遗传密码的那些碱基的极小一部分。
They only look at a tiny fraction of the bits and bobs and bases that make up your genetic code.
其中一个方法是测量不同DNA碱基的电性质，如电容和导电性。
One way to do it would be to measure the electrical properties of the different DNA bases such as capacitance and conductivity.
人类基因本身就有接近 30 亿个DNA碱基对。
The human genome alone has approximately 3 billion DNA base pairs.
它还与核苷酸互换使用，尽管后者是由一个五碳糖、磷酸和一个碱基组成。
The term is also used interchangeably with “nucleotide” although the latter is composed of a five-carbon sugar joined to a phosphate group and one of the bases.
通过转动电场的极性，DNA链会渐进式地前进，一次一对碱基对。
By flipping this field's polarity the DNA strand can be ratcheted along, one base pair at a time.
而且现有的测序技术要把DNA破碎成少于100个碱基对的小片段。
Moreover, existing sequencing techniques involve breaking DNA into small chunks of less than 100 base pairs.
此外，离子激流机序列只有约1000万碱基每次运行与一些其他数十亿台电脑。
Moreover, the ion Torrent machine sequences only about 10 million bases per run, compared with billions for some other machines.
这时需要引入计算机，对个人基因组序列中的30亿组碱基对进行比较。
This is where the computing comes in. Computers allow individual genomes-all 3 billion base pairs of them-to be compared.
仅仅一条DNA链就可以被识读出来，一次一个碱基对，不需要带上标识。
Instead a single strand of DNA can be read, one base pair at a time, and without the need for labelling.
2005年，两个小组共同协作对古生代穴熊的2.7万个DNA碱基进行了排序。
In 2005, two teams worked together to sequence 27,000 bases of ancient cave bear DNA.
而且，DNA链通过的速率必须被仔细地控制，以使得有足够的时间来识别每个碱基。
In addition, the speed at which the strand passes through must be carefully controlled to allow enough time to detect each of the bases.
研究人员发现，鸭嘴兽有大约22亿个碱基对，是人类碱基对数量的三分之二。
At roughly 2.2 billion base pairs, the platypus genome is about two-thirds the size of the human genome, the researchers found.
“我们有大约1019个碱基对需要分析，而我们甚至都没来得及弄懂一些皮毛，”他说。
“We’ve got about 1019 base pairs to read before we’ve even scratched the surface, ” he says.
所有位点都包含称为短串联重复序列的遗传结点，在结点里一个碱基对模式一遍遍重复出现。
All of these regions contain genetic stutters called short tandem repeats, in which a pattern of base pairs repeats itself over and over.
为了在总体上了解RNA干扰和RNA，研究人员开始分离并研究只有21到30个碱基长的RNA。
To understand RNAi and RNA in general, researchers began isolating and studying RNA molecules just 21 to 30 bases long.
这会比核酸外切酶测序更快，也会更加精确：因为碱基彼此间仍然相连，不会以错误的顺序通过纳米孔。
It would also be more accurate: because the bases are still attached to one another, there is no chance that they will pass through the nanopore in the wrong order.
对DNA来说，这些单位是C、T、A和G碱基，对蛋白质来说这些单位是20个不同的氨基酸。
For DNA, these units are the c, t, a and G bases, and for proteins the units are 20 different amino acids.
因此，原理上蛋白质能记录下组成DNA分子的碱基序列（一种带着基因编码的化学“字符”）。
So, in principle, the protein can record the order of the bases (the chemical “letters” that carry the genetic code) which make up the molecule.
另外有些基因，特别是由许多相同的碱基对短片段不断重复而所组成的基因，是很难很好地测序的。
And some parts, particularly those where the same short pattern of base pairs is repeated over and over again, remain difficult to sequence well.
重复出现的次数因人而异，有血缘关系的两人在这些结点上拥有相同碱基对重复次数的可能性很高。
The number of repeats varies from person to person, and two people who are related are likely to have the same number of repeats at more of these sites.
重复出现的次数因人而异，有血缘关系的两人在这些结点上拥有相同碱基对重复次数的可能性很高。
The number of repeats varies from person to person, and two people who are related are likely to have the same number of repeats at more of these sites.
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