爆炸性的撞击使冰加热并液化，导致喷出物呈流体状。
Explosive impacts heated and liquefied the ice, resulting in the fluid appearance of the ejecta.
融化的冰会导致海平面上升。
“我们对什么在推动这一冰融尚无明确的认识，因为大气促成的-表面温度-还没有热到足以导致如此的冰融，”他补充说。
"We have not had a clear understanding of what is driving this melting because the atmospheric forcing - the temperature at the surface - is not warm enough to cause such a melting," he added.
科学家们认为其中的几条沟壑是由于流水或融冰冲刷而成的，其他几条则是因为滑坡导致的。
Some of these gullies are thought to have formed by flowing water or melting ice, but others may just be the result of landslides.
比如，在靠近阿拉斯加州北部的地方出现了未曾预料到的冰融化，从而导致地下石油行业修改他们通往远处管道的策略。
For example, unanticipated melting ice patterns in the northern reaches of Alaska has caused Metroil Industries to modify their strategy for accessing remote pipelines.
科学家已经对Toba引发的现象理论化，现象包括它使全球温度降低至使冰盾增长数千年以及导致大规模的植物和动物死亡。
Scientists have theorized that Toba triggered plunging global temperatures that caused ice sheets to grow for a thousand years and led to a mass die-off of plants and animals.
人们担忧的是正在融化的冰和不断增加的雨雪可能降低海洋表层水体的密度和盐度，导致其更容易滞留在海洋表层。
The fear is that melting ice, along with increased snow and rain, could reduce the density and salinity of the top layers of the sea, making them more buoyant.
这恰恰是正在格陵兰岛上发生的事情，格陵兰岛上相对暖而湿的冰盾正处于完全融化的进程中，这将导致海平面可能升高七米的前景。
Yet that is just what is happening in Greenland, whose relatively warm and wet sheet is on course to melt completely, bringing the prospect of a sea-level rise of perhaps seven metres.
融冰过程要么导致陆地暴露并且温度升高，要么在冰层表面形成池塘(或湖泊，或溪流)，并吸收能量，融化更多的冰。
Either it exposes land, which then warms up; or it forms ponds (or lakes or streams) of meltwater on the surface of the ice, which absorb energy and melt more ice.
格陵兰岛融化的冰进入北极附近的海洋，从而会导致全世界海平面上升。
Melting ice in Greenland freshens the seas near the Arctic and contributes to rising sea levels around the world.
我们不知道为什么这个错误会发生，但是，令人遗憾地是，格陵兰岛延伸的冰大幅减少的宣称已经导致了世界各地的头条新闻。
We do not know why this error has occurred, but it is regrettable that the claimed drastic reduction in the extent of ice in Greenland has created headline news around the world.
这就会提高海水的温度，导致冰的融解速度加快。
That raises the temperature of the sea, making the ice melt even faster.
如果气候变暖导致埃里伯斯火山的冰帽融化，那么一次巨大的火山喷发将呈现在眼前。
The active volcano has been cited as one that could see large eruptions if warming starts to melt its ice cap.
实际上南部支流外流了更多格陵兰岛中心冰原的水源，所以那边的冰川消退会导致更大规模的冰流量。
The southern tributary actually drains a larger portion of Greenland's central ice sheet, so a retreat there could lead to a more substantial ice discharge.
该团队指出，冰雪融化导致了一半的冰量减少，而另一半归咎于冰川更快的滑入海洋。
Half the ice was lost through melting and half through glaciers sliding faster into the oceans, the team says.
冰盖表面，成行的融雪坑形成许多天然的冰裂缝，并导致各条缝隙连贯起来，横贯整个冰架。
On the surface of the shelf, rows of melt ponds settled into natural crevasses, driving the cracks all the way through the ice shelf.
我们认为，可能引发这些变化的一个原理是海洋的气温变化和冰盖边缘的潮流导致冰融化。
One of the possible mechanisms which we think may have triggered these changes is melting driven by changing ocean temperatures and currents at the margins of the ice sheet.
有些研究证明，格陵兰岛和南极洲的融冰加速，可能很快会破坏它们的冰盖——在几十年内导致海平面上升几米。
Some studies suggest that the acceleration of melting ice in Greenland and Antarctica could soon destabilise their great ice sheets - causing sea levels to rise by several metres over a few decades.
这些个冰穴说明，有三处暖流从冰川下的凹陷处升上来导致海冰融化了。
The polynyas suggest that the warm water exits the cavity beneath the glacier in three locations where the sea ice has melted.
冰湖崩溃淹没了农田，破坏了土地上种植的蔬菜，导致由于暴风和降雨而造成的腐蚀破坏的加快以及增加了当地河流带来危害的可能性。
The glacial outburst flooded agricultural lands and scraped vegetation from land surfaces, leading to increased erosion from wind and precipitation and increased undercutting by local rivers.
冰架的边缘变薄将导致冰河流动更快。
Thinning of the ice shelf at the fringes leads toglaciers moving more quickly.
短缺导致价格飙升，短缺也导致把工业用盐拿来做道路融冰所用，同时导致从天气温暖地区进口更多食盐。
Shortages boost prices, diverting salt set for industrial use to de-icing and encouraging imports from warmer climes.
特纳说，“危险的是，这种越来越温暖的海水会进入这些冰架底层，导致冰流越来越快地向大洋输送冰块。”
danger is that this warmer water will get under these ice shelvesand cause the ice streams to get faster and feed ice out into theocean, " said Turner.
最近几十年里，南极冰的消退已经导致约10%全球海平面上升。
The retreat of ice from Antarcticahas contributed around 10% to global sea-level rise in recent decades."The
根据近年来的观测，厚冰的损失极可能导致9月出现海冰最少的情况。
The loss of thick ice has been implicated as a major cause of the very low September sea ice minima observed in recent years.
根据近年来的观测，厚冰的损失极可能导致9月出现海冰最少的情况。
The loss of thick ice has been implicated as a major cause of the very low September sea ice minima observed in recent years.
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