测序技术在人类基因组计划后有了长足的进展，但是它仍然要求DNA经过一项称为“放大”的步骤，被复制几百万次，然后再用荧光标记。
Sequencing technology has come a long way since the Human Genome Project, but it still requires DNA to be copied millions of times, a step called amplification, and labelled with fluorescent tags.
因此对其知识的缺失也映证了为什么2004年完成的人类基因组测序在某种程度上说并未能实现之前期待的结果。
That missing knowledge could explain why the human genome's sequencing, finished in 2004, has in some ways failed to fulfill its public expectations.
但是从那时此，技术水平得到了显著的提升：现在只需八天和10000美元就进行一次人类基因组测序成为了可能。
The technology has improved enormously since then: it is now possible to sequence a human genome in about eight days, at a cost of around $10,000.
当花了好几个年头，第一次测出人类基因组的百分之一时，他们操心自己永远完不成测序，但他们的工作进展很快就呈现出指数曲线性。
When it took years to sequence the first 1 percent of the human genome, they worried they'd never finish, but they were right on schedule for an exponential curve.
公司要等到1995年才公布毛细管测序器，但是Hood的设计最终实现了对数以十亿计的碱基对进行分析，对人类基因组计划做出了贡献。
The company wouldn't release a capillary-based sequencer until 1995, but Hood's design would eventually chew up bases by the billion for the Human Genome Project.
与此同时，人类基因组的测序工作也给生物科学产业带来了巨大的振奋。
Meanwhile, progress in sequencing the human genome was generating enormous excitement in the bioscience industry.
这些试剂包括测序的主要成本，且大多数人类基因组的测序成本估算都是计算使用的化学品的成本。
These reagents comprise the major cost of sequencing, and most estimates of the cost to sequence a human genome with a particular technology are calculated using the cost of the chemicals.
人类基因组的80000基因最终被几乎全部测序。
Finally, the 80, 000 genes of the human genome are nearly sequenced.
遗传学：将DNA链通过一个叫纳米孔的小孔洞会极大的提高人类基因组的测序速度。
Genetics: Pulling strands of DNA through tiny holes, called nanopores, could dramatically speed up the sequencing of human genomes.
人类基因组测序工作完成后，对基因数据的处理和分析能力提出了更高的要求。
After the completion of human genome sequencing, biologists desire for higher processing and analysis power to handle the huge gene data.
随着人类和一些重要模式生物测序任务的相继完成，其相应的研究任务已经由结构基因组学研究转向功能基因组学研究。
With the sequencing completion of human and model biology, their study had come into functional genome research from structural genome research.
随着人类基因组大规模测序的完成，下一步的挑战是了解每一个基因的功能。
With the completion of human genome sequencing, the next challenge is to understand the function of each gene.
克隆羊多利的诞生，人类基因组90%测序工作的完成，使我们相信，21世纪是生物技术的时代。
Clones Yang Duoli the birth, human genome 90% sequence work completion, causes us to believe that the 21st century indeed is really the biological technology time.
不管测序人类基因组能够多么便宜，总有一些人承诺用更少的钱在更短的时间内得到更好的结果，在12 - 18个月内开始交付。
No matter how cheap sequencing the human genome can be, there is always someone promising better results for less money in a shorter time, with delivery starting in 12-18 months.
人类基因组测序工作完成后，对基因数据的处理和分析能力提出了更高的要求。
After the completion of human genome sequencing, the biologists require higher processing and analysis power to handle the huge gene data.
随着1988年生物质谱相关软电离技术的发明和2001年人类基因组测序完成，蛋白质组学进入了高速发展期。
The development of biomass related ionization method in 1988 and the accomplishment of human genome sequencing in 2001 are major breakthrough for Proteomic study.
包括人类基因组在内的近一百个物种的基因组测序已经基本完成。
Genome sequencing projects of nearly one hundred species have completed, in which Homo sapiens is included.
随着人类基因组和一些模式生物、重要经济生物以及大量微生物基因组测序的完成，生物学整体研究业已进入基因组时代。
As the genome projects of human, some model species, some economic important species and many microbe species have been accomplished, biology has entered into the era of genome.
随着人类基因组测序的完成，近年来，动物基因组计划也取得了巨大进展。
In recent years, with the completion of the human genome project, the animal genome project has also made great progress.
对人类染色体的测序、新工具和新技术的诞生加速了基因组学信息的使用，在药品研发方面开创了新途径。
The use of genomic information, accelerated by the sequencing of the human genome and the advent of new tools and technologies, has opened new possibilities in drug discovery and development.
随着人类基因组测序工作的完成，功能基因组的全面展开，后基因组的时代已经到来。
Since the human genome sequence has been finished and the function-genome was developed roundly, the post-genome era is coming.
人类基因组计划已经完成了计划3000个相关微生物基因组中的500个的测序。
The Human Microbiome Project has sequenced 500 relevant microbial genomes out of a planned 3000.
基因组测序计划的最大承诺之一是进一步理解人类疾病及开发新疗法。
One of the greatest promises of genome sequencing projects is to further the understanding of human diseases and to develop new therapies.
模式生物基因组已经与人类基因组并行测序以提供有效的工具进行人类基因功能研究。
Model organism genomes have been sequenced in parallel to human genomes to provide effective tools for the investigation of human gene function.
细菌全基因组序列测序工作的完成将给人类分析和研究编码细菌毒性蛋白的毒力基因、认识和阐明毒性蛋白的毒理带来新的机遇。
All those works will bring a new opportunity to study the toxicity gene of coding bacterial toxicity protein, and to understand the toxicology of toxicity protein.
当人类基因组测序刚刚开始时，对一百万个碱基测序的费用为十万美元。
When the sequencing of the first human genome was initiated, the cost to produce 1 million bases of sequence was $100,000.
人类基因组计划的测序工作完成之后，已进入后基因组学阶段，疾病基因的定位克隆及其蛋白质功能研究已成为研究的重要内容。
IntroductionPositional cloning of disease genes and research of protome become very important in the post-genome period after completion of human genome project( HGP).
第一批测序的个体人类基因组属于著名的遗传学家J。
The first sequenced individual human genomes belonged to famous geneticists J.
越来越多哺乳动物基因组测序的完成，使得研究人类基因组的进化得以实现。
With the completion of more and more mammalian genome sequence, study of human genome evolution has become possible.
最初是为了注释人类基因组而创建的，特征丰富的UCSC基因组浏览器可以被应用到任何测序的物种。
The feature-rich UCSC Genome Browser, created originally to annotate the human genome, can be applied to any sequenced organism.
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