The results of XPS show that palladium was almost in zero valence state.
XPS结果表明，钯几乎全部以零价态存在。
Most optical oscillator strengths for the transitions between valence band and conduction band are nearly equal to zero.
价带顶和导带底附近的带间跃迁振子强度大部分都近乎为零；
The zero-valence iron process is a competitive method for treating reactive brilliant orange X-GN wastewater because of its high efficiency and low price.
从以上结果可见，零价铁法处理活性艳橙X-GN染料废水成本低廉，处理效果好，具有很好的应用前景。
Its result has to be colibrated. Because the structure of organic substances is complicated, the number of oxidation valence of carbon is assumed zero when calculating organic carbon.
重铬酸钾—硫酸亚铁法主要难题是在计算时无法知道沉积物中有机碳的氧化数，因而所测值不够准确。
Its result has to be colibrated. Because the structure of organic substances is complicated, the number of oxidation valence of carbon is assumed zero when calculating organic carbon.
重铬酸钾—硫酸亚铁法主要难题是在计算时无法知道沉积物中有机碳的氧化数，因而所测值不够准确。
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