When choosing zero-inflation count data models, if the models were nested, using likelihood ratio test;
选择零膨胀计数数据拟合模型时，若模型间是嵌套关系，需要采用似然比检验；
The whole point of that paper was that when you're up against the zero lower bound, it doesn't matter how much money you print — not unless you credibly promise higher inflation.
那篇文章的全部观点就在于当我们反对零成交下界的时候，你印刷多少钞票都无所谓，但除非你可信地给出了一个更高的通货膨胀预期。
If real dividends barely grow over the long term, then a forecast of stagnant nominal dividends may simply reflect investors' expectations of zero inflation.
如果长期实际股息分红几乎不增长，那么对于名义分红不景气的预测可能仅仅反映出投资者的零通胀预期。
The whole point of that paper was that when you're up against the zero lower bound, it doesn't matter how much money you print - not unless you credibly promise higher inflation.
那篇文章的全部观点就在于当我们反对零成交下界的时候，你印刷多少钞票都无所谓，但除非你可信地给出了一个更高的通货膨胀预期。
Fed officials still think that, if even pessimistic forecasts came to pass, inflation would not fall below zero.
美联储官员仍然相信，即使悲观的预期实现，通胀率仍不会跌至零点以下。
Inflation in the euro area is expected to be close to zero.
欧元区的通胀率也将接近零。
But Macroeconomic Advisers, a forecaster, now reckons that core inflation will fall to 1.3% by 2010, too close to zero for the Fed's comfort.
但是现在一家预测机构Macroeconomic Advisers认为，核心通胀率会在2010年降至1.3%，虽然很接近但是不到零点，这会使美联储比较安心。
A few weeks after that it indicated it would not tolerate an inflation rate at or below zero.
几周之后，BOJ明确指出它已经不能忍受一个趋近于0甚至小于0的膨胀率。
Chris Varvares of Macroeconomic Advisers, a forecasting consultancy, thinks that core inflation will fall to close to zero in 2011.
预测咨询公司Macroeconomic Advisers的Chris Varvares认为核心通货膨胀将在2011年下降到接近0的水平。
It also means that if inflation does fall to zero or turns slightly negative, it could be difficult to get it back up.
这也表明，如果通货膨胀率真的下降到0或微小的负数，就很难将其扭转。
And because the inflation rate, though low, was greater than zero, these cuts in dollar terms were even larger in inflation-adjusted dollars.
且这些以美元计算的支出削减仍然高于通胀调整的美元数，这是因为虽然通货膨胀率很低，但其仍大于零。
Deflation has become a more dangerous enemy than inflation; with interest rates in many countries at or close to zero, central Banks have had to reach for other tools.
通货紧缩已经变成比通货膨胀更危险的敌人；随着很多国家的利率都达到或接近于零，各国央行已经不得不另寻其它政策工具。
It is more difficult to deal with than inflation, in part for the technical reason that interest rates can be reduced only to zero.
它比通胀更难对付，一定程度上是由于利率最低只能降到零这一技术性原因。
The most important issue, of which the Fed is keenly aware, involves the exit strategy for avoiding inflation once the economy has improved and short-term nominal interest rates are no longer zero.
美联储敏锐地意识到：一旦经济改善和短期名义利率不再为零，最重要的问题是涉及避免通货膨胀的退出策略。
Ah: in this post on interest rates and inflation, I neglected to point out that right now we're not on the Taylor rule line, because of the zero lower bound.
呃：在《利率和通货膨胀》这篇文章里，我忘了指出，因为零下限，所以我们现在并不在泰勒规则线上。
The Federal Reserve kept the interest-rates target at zero to 0.25%, but said for the first time that inflation was below the level "consistent with its mandate".
美国联邦储备委员会的利率目标保持在0到0.25%之间，但第一次说通货膨胀低于“与权限保持一致”的水平。
US short rates are virtually zero while the headline inflation rate is 3.8%; in the UK, rates are 0.5% and the headline rate is 4.5%.
美国实际上的短期利率是零，而报纸头条写的通货膨胀率是3.8%；英国实际短期利率是0.5%，而报道中的通货膨胀率是4.5%。
The central bank could not cut rates below zero, and it did not raise them because inflation was already too low.
央行既不能将利率降到零以下也不能提升利率，因为膨胀率已经很低。
Leaving aside swings in energy prices, inflation, now about 1.5%, will slip to zero and may turn to deflation in late 2010.
先且不提能源价格的转向，单就现在1.5%的通胀来说，2010年晚些时候它会降至0，并有可能走向通货紧缩。
In three short years he brought inflation from over 20% to zero, and given sharply rising product quality at that time deflation must be implied.
只三年他把中国的通胀率从百分之二十以上调整至零，而当时的产品品质正在急升，通缩一定存在。
US short rates are virtually zero while the headline inflation rate is 3.8%;
美国实际上的短期利率是零，而报纸头条写的通货膨胀率是3.8%；
Should the central bank aim for zero inflation?
中央银行应该把零通货膨胀作为目标吗？
Ah: in this post on interest rates and inflation, I neglected to point out that right now we're not on the Taylor rule line, because of the zero lower bound. The picture looks like this.
呃：在《利率和通货膨胀》这篇文章里，我忘了指出，因为零下限，所以我们现在并不在泰勒规则线上。
Despite the bank's stimulus measures to date, inflation in the 19 countries of the eurozone has been stuck near or below zero for more than a year.
尽管该行迄今已出台多项刺激措施，但一年多以来，欧元区19个国家的通货膨胀率一直徘徊在零附近或以下。
After six years of essentially free money, the BoJ sneaked in a quick interest-rate rise—from zero to 0.25%—in July, hoping that this would not stop inflation inching higher.
在经过了六年几乎没有利息之后，今年六月，日本央行在市场没有准备的情况下突然升息——将利率由0上调至0.25%，它原本期望这一举措不会阻碍通货膨胀率的稳步上扬。
And inflation has gone up by more than the quarter-point rise in Japanese interest rates, leaving real rates close to zero and even lower than last year.
通货膨胀率早已高出了日本四分之一点的利率增长，将实际的比率拉回0点附近或者甚至比去年还要低。
Even if inflation were to fall to between zero and 1.5%, say, that would be a small drop given the CBO's estimate of the output gap.
即使通货膨胀率下降到0到1.5%的水平，相比cbo估测的产出缺口也是非常小的。
Depending on how you measure inflation, real short-term interest rates are already around zero or negative.
无论怎么计算通货膨胀，以此为依据的话，真正的短期利率已经接近为零甚至是负的。
Depending on how you measure inflation, real short-term interest rates are already around zero or negative.
无论怎么计算通货膨胀，以此为依据的话，真正的短期利率已经接近为零甚至是负的。
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