The researchers analysed the sizes and structures of ash particles using a variety of techniques, such as atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.
研究人员使用不同的技术研究了火山灰颗粒的尺寸和结构，例如原子力显微镜、电子扫描显微镜和X射线衍射。
The program includes use of X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and other techniques for testing materials on the molecular level.
其中还涉及X射线衍射、电子显微镜及其他仪器的使用，以检测材料的分子结构。
These should be very useful to the soft X ray contact microscopy in air and the soft X ray scanning transmission microscopy.
这些结果将十分有益于大气环境下的软X射线接触显微术及软X射线扫描透射显微术的研究。
The study of the structure of metals and alloys, especially by optical and electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.
金相学，金属结构学以金属与合金结构为研究对象的学科，尤指用光学和电子显微镜使用。
The resultant surfaces were characterized by means of SEM, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and water contact Angle measurements.
用扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射、接触角测量等技术对表面进行了表征。
The constituents and the structures of the diamond films have been identified by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.
利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM ）、显微喇曼光谱、X射线衍射等手段对合成的金刚石薄膜的成分与结构进行了分析。
The worn surfaces of the steel balls were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
用扫描电子显微镜(sem)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对钢球磨损表面进行了分析。
They were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM).
产物经x -射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和高分辨电子显微镜(HRTEM)表征。
The microstructure and properties of the composite coatings were investigated by optical microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, electron probe microanalyzer and a skimming wear machine.
利用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、电子探针及滑动磨损试验机，研究了合金熔覆层的显微组织及性能。
The crystallization and microstructure of the glass were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction technique.
用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射技术分析了微晶玻璃析晶和显微特征。
The sample's crystal phase, structure, morphology and the reaction process were characterized and analyzed by using X-ray diffraction(XRD), transmission electron microscopy(TEM).
采用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）分析手段对样品的物相、结构、形貌进行了表征和分析。
The surface morphology and characteristics of the films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
该薄膜的表面形态和特征采用扫描电子显微技术(SEM)，X射线衍射(XRD)以及原子力显微技术(afm)描述。
Soft X-ray microscopy has unique advantages in the study of biological specimens.
对生物样品的研究，软x射线显微术具有独特的优势。
Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDXS) are carried out to characterize the deposition on fiber probe.
通过使用原子吸收光谱仪，扫描显微镜和能量色散X射线谱仪对覆膜光纤探针进行表征。
Worn surface morphology and element chemistry configuration of steel ball were analyzed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
用扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪观察分析了磨损表面形貌和元素化学形态。
The structural change of PAN based carbon fibre by an electric current pulse was studied by means of X-ray diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).
用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）等技术研究了PAN基碳纤维在单电流脉冲作用下的结构变化。
The microstructure of multilayers was characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer.
利用透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和X射线能量色散谱仪分析了多层膜的微结构。
The phase composition and microstructure of mullite powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning election microscopy techniques.
利用X射线衍射仪和场致发射扫描电子显微镜等手段对合成粉体的相组成、结构和形貌进行了研究。
The surface of the wear scar was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier infrared spectroscopy (IR).
采用扫描电子显微镜(sem)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、傅立叶红外光谱仪(IR)对盘上磨痕进行表面分析。
X ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and photoluminescence (PL) are used to analyze the synthesized GaN nanorods.
用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、高分辨率透射电镜（HRTEM）和光致发光光谱（PL）对生成的产物进行了分析。
The structures of RDX/RF aerogel were characterized by atomic force microscopy(AFM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray powder diffraction(XRD), and BET method.
用原子力显微镜（AFM），扫描电子显微镜（SEM），X 射线粉末衍射仪（XRD），BET 比表面积分析仪对其结构进行了表征。
The technique of soft X -ray microscopy enables the imaging of living biological specimens.
软x射线显微技术可使活的生物样品成象。
With the present lasers, X-ray microscopy can be made using narrow band emission or black body radiation from laser plasmas.
就目前的泵浦激光条件，采用窄带辐射和黑体辐射可进行水窗波段X光显微成像的实验研究。
The failure of the powder metallurgy valve seat was analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray energy spectrum and X-ray diffraction.
采用力学、物理性能测试，金相、扫描电镜、能谱和X衍射分析研究了气门座圈产品失效的主要原因。
The phase compositions and characteristics of glass-ceramics products were determined by the comprehensive methods such as optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, physical and chemical properties test.
通过光学显微分析、X射线衍射分析、物理化学性能测试等手段确定了微晶玻璃的物相组成及性能特征。
X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy establish that LCCO grew epitaxially inc-axis orientation on LCMO.
使用X射线衍射和透射电镜分析，表明异质结是c轴取向外延生长。
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to evaluate the structure and composition.
利用扫描电子显微镜(sem)、透射电子显微镜(tem)和X射线光电子谱(XPS)对样品的形貌、结构及组份进行表征。
The structures and surface morphology of coating and oxide film were characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.
利用X射线衍射和扫描电镜研究涂层和氧化物膜的结构和表面微观形貌。
The product of FSP is characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD).
通过透射电镜(tem)和x -射线衍射仪(XRD)对所得片状银粉产物进行了表征。
The nanowires were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, high resolution electron microscopy (HREM), electron energy loss spectroscopy.
应用X射线衍射仪、高分辨电子显微镜和电子能量损失谱分析了纳米线的微观结构。
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