What is cancer of the colon and rectum?
什么是结肠癌和直肠癌？
What struck me from the outset is that something as pervasive and stubborn as cancer must be a deep part of the story of life itself.
最初使我醍醐灌顶的是，像癌症这样具有扩散性且极难对付的东西一定属于生命本身，是生命故事深处的一部分。
Is that really an effective way to determine what we should eat or what cancer treatments will work?
这真的是一个有效的方法，能用以确定我们应该吃什么或什么癌症治疗方法最有效吗？
What Cancer research UK does is underwrite the quality of that research.
英国癌症研究院所做的工作就是确保研究的质量。
In 10 or 20 years, one of these kids is going to cure cancer or make an engine that doesn’t pollute. And as they receive their Nobel prize, someone is going to ask them what made them do it.
在10到20年里，这些孩子当中会出现能够治愈癌症或制造出绿色引擎的人，当他们站在诺贝尔领奖台上的时候，有些人或许会问他们，是什么使他们获得了如此的成就。
From a magnitude perspective, cancer is not a lethal disease-but what about the people who actually have it?
从规模角度来看，肿瘤不是一种致命性疾病——但对于罹患肿瘤的人来说呢？
What allows chemotherapy to be so effective in stopping cancer is that it stops those cells that grow rapidly.
化疗之所以对治疗癌症有效是因为它让癌细胞停止快速增长。
Is the common nature of cancer worldwide purely a man-made phenomenon. That is what some researchers now suggest.
有研究人员称，放眼世界，所有癌症的共同本质在于：它们都是人造疾病。
The UK public is deeply sceptical about scientific claims for what causes or prevents cancer, a poll suggests.
一项调查显示，英国公众对于医学专家口中的癌症病因以及防癌建议，普遍深表怀疑。
Ted Bateman: From that, we've decided to initiate a couple of clinical trials to see if what we're observing in mice is real in human cancer patients.
泰德·贝特曼：在此基础上，我们决定做一些临床试验来检验鼠身上发生的现象是否会发生在癌症患者身上。
With that I said, 'What I want to do is find a cure for cancer.'
因为这样，我说过，‘我要找到治愈癌症的方法。’
The reference for this is a paper in the British Journal of cancer called "What if cancer survival in Britain were the same as in Europe: how many deaths are avoidable?"
这一论断的参考资料来自《英国癌症期刊》上发表的一篇报道，题为“如若英癌存活率等同于欧洲：多少死者本可幸免于难？”
Is the common nature of cancer worldwide purely a man-made phenomenon? That is what some researchers now suggest.
有研究人员称，放眼世界，所有癌症的共同本质在于：它们都是人造疾病。
What is important now is for other groups to map the epigenomes of cancer cells and compare those to ours.
现在最重要的是，其他研究小组绘制出癌细胞的表观基因组图谱，然后与我们的图谱相比较。
What we think of as cancer is not really one disease but a large number of related diseases.
我们平时所说的癌症，其实并不是一种疾病，而是多种相关的疾病。
Here is what one of my participants pictured: "I was getting my hair cut to donate to Locks of Love [a charity that fashions wigs for young cancer patients]."
这里是一个参与者描述的：“我去剪掉头发好捐给“爱之锁”[一个为年轻癌症患者制作假发的慈善组织]。”
Then when it's time to tell a child that a parent has cancer, the next step is to think about what the child can handle at his or her particular age.
做好准备之后就该告诉孩子实情了，下面的步骤就是仔细考虑在孩子当前的年龄阶段他们可以驾驭什么。
The result is what we call invasive breast cancer.
结果是导致我们称为“侵袭式乳癌”的疾病。
But what is more curious is this: the retrovirus is closely related to a free-living virus called Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus, which causes lung cancer in sheep and goats, but not other species.
不过更奇怪的是：这种逆转录病毒与一种游离生活的绵羊肺腺瘤逆转录病毒(可以引起绵羊和山羊患肺癌)而不是其它种更加接近。
Part of what makes pancreatic cancer so deadly is that the pancreas is as vital as the heart.
胰腺在人体器官中的重要程度不亚于心脏，这也是胰腺癌高致死率的一个原因。
It is very easy to make bold claims about how different diets can stop cancer returning, but there is no strong evidence these diets do what they say.
大声地宣告不同的饮食可以阻止癌症复发很容易，但并没有强有力的证据证明他们所说的。
The truth is that scientists still have no idea what causes breast cancer.
事实上，科学家仍没有找到乳腺癌的真正病因。
What is not in doubt, however, is that there is some sort of a link between genetics and lung cancer.
然而，可以确定的是，遗传和肺癌之间存在着某种联系。
The truth is that scientists still don't know what causes breast cancer—only that certain factors, such as obesity or drinking too much alcohol—may increase risk.
实际上，科学家还没有找到乳腺癌的真正病因，仅仅猜测可能是因肥胖或是饮酒过量所引起的。
"Of course I am worried, but what is the use of being worried?" said a lung cancer patient.
“我当然担心，但是担心又有什么用？”一位肺癌患者说。
And I think what is also cool is that we use it in a much lower concentration than you would use it in anti-cancer treatment, and you also only apply it locally," he said.
还有一点很特殊的是，我们使用的紫杉醇，浓度不像在治疗癌症时那么高，而且，只须局部使用。
What we really care about is how much we can reduce our own risk of cancer by changing our behavior.
而我们真正关心的是，通过改变自己的行为，我们可以在多大程度上降低罹患癌症的风险。
What we really care about is how much we can reduce our own risk of cancer by changing our behavior.
而我们真正关心的是，通过改变自己的行为，我们可以在多大程度上降低罹患癌症的风险。
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