The size of the channel depends on the flow and water level at the sand gushing opening, and in particular, maximum channel size is possible at low water level.
通道的规模取决于涌砂口的流量大小和水位高低，尤其在较低水位时通道规模将最大。
During the construction of tunnels in karst mountain, water inrush and gushing mud (sand) disaster has ranked the first in all the disasters.
在岩溶地区隧道施工过程中，涌水、涌泥(砂)已经成为隧道施工的第一大害。
A series of measures such as open caisson, thickening protective wall and decreasing length, etc. are taken to overcome problems of sand drafting, collapse and water gushing, which get better effect.
施工中采用沉井法、增加护壁厚度、减小长度等一系列措施，克服了流砂、坍孔、涌水等难点，取得了较好的效果。
A series of measures such as open caisson, thickening protective wall and decreasing length, etc. are taken to overcome problems of sand drafting, collapse and water gushing, which get better effect.
施工中采用沉井法、增加护壁厚度、减小长度等一系列措施，克服了流砂、坍孔、涌水等难点，取得了较好的效果。
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