As an important part of underlying surface, cryosphere is in the process of continuous interaction with atmosphere.
冰冻圈作为下垫面的一个重要组成部分，与大气处于不断的相互作用过程中。
The study of the effect of a non-homogeneous underlying surface on atmospheric boundary layer is one of the important tasks in environmental fluid mechanics.
非均匀下垫面对大气边界层影响的研究是环境流体力学的重要课题之一。
The variation of river sediment load is considerably affected by rainfall and underlying surface.
河流输沙量的变化受流域降水和下垫面影响很大。
The iterative method is used to calculate sky radiance without the reflectance from underlying surface.
在不考虑下垫面的反射时，利用迭代法来计算天空亮度。
The results show that the difference was mainly influenced by solar radiation and the conditions of underlying surface.
结果表明：观测结果差异的大小主要受太阳辐射和下垫面状况影响。
Channels composing result shows that the algorithm is effective for underlying surface classification.
通过对选择的通道进行合成，发现此算法用于下垫面分类具有较好的效果。
Design and development of the experimental system of runoff-producing and flow concentration of city underlying surface.
设计并研制了城市下垫面降雨产汇流实验系统。
An interaction factor is introduced to deal with the multiple reflectance between the atmosphere and the underlying surface.
还引入了一相互作用因子来处理大气与下垫面之间的多次反射。
Other than taking a look at the underlying surface and making a visual judgement, how can we tell whether we have excessive thatch?
除了查看草坪表层下方得出判断，怎么知道我们是否有过多过厚的草坪腐殖质层（枯草层）？
Moreover, underlying surface condition, density of population and road also play a role in the occurrence of rainstorm waterlogging.
下垫面状况、人口和道路密度也影响到暴雨积水的发生。
The result shows the specific reflection of the climate change and the lasting depravation of underlying surface in this region is an important reason.
沙尘暴出现日数的变化是特定气候变化的反映，同时下垫面条件的持续恶化是造成浑善达克沙地西部沙尘暴天气持续增加的重要原因。
A phenomenon called humidity inversion is caused by the joint of the heterogeneous humidity Pattern and mesoscale advection over the underlying surface.
干燥裸地边界层内的逆湿现象是由于下垫面非均匀的湿度场与中尺度平流的共同作用的结果。
Hydrologic underlying surface analysis are the basic study in hydrologic analysis, hydrologic observation, hydrologic forecast and water resources assessment.
水文下垫面分析是水文分析计算、水文测验、水文预报、水资源评价等的基础性工作。
The runoff coefficient of every underlying surface was forecasted in different rainfall conditions by ANN models and compared with conventional method as well.
用该方法对不同降雨条件下每种下垫面的径流系数进行了预测，并与传统方法进行了比较。
After the etchant has etched through the organic resin to expose an underlying surface (12), the etchant is washed from the organic resin and the openings (32).
在蚀刻剂已经蚀刻贯穿有机树脂而暴露出下方表面(12)之后，将蚀刻剂从有机树脂和开口(32)中洗去。
The special topography, climate conditions and the underlying surface with the source of the abundant sand were the material base of forming sand and dust storm.
特殊地形、气候条件和富含沙尘源的下垫面是形成沙尘暴的物质基础；
The model can be used as a research tool in the climate modelling through improvements of initial values, underlying surface boudaries, model diagnosis and graph treatment.
通过进一步完善初值处理、下垫面边值处理、模式后诊断及图形处理，使其成为一套可用于气候模拟研究的工具。
At the same time, there is an different effect on runoff, because of the difference of climate, underlying surface condition, the vegetation types and the rainfall intensity.
同时，森林对径流的影响，因气候、下垫面条件、植被类型和雨强等不同而存在差异。
Firstly, it directly influences the periodic variation of precipitation and air temperature, then influences the periodic variation of runoff based on the underlying surface.
天体运动直接影响降水和气温的周期变化，进而在一定的下垫面条件下，影响径流的周期变化。
In the paper, the hydrological underlying surface is defined, the elements composing the hydrological underlying surface and their action on water yield and concentration are analyzed.
提出了水文下垫面的定义，分析了组成水文下垫面各要素的基本性质及其在产、汇流方面的作用。
Satellite optimum bands for underlying surface classification were selected by using weight function spectra distribution, optimum index function (OIF) and the usages channels of MODIS.
根据权函数谱分布以及最佳指数函数(OIF)并结合卫星通道用途，最终得到用于下垫面分类的卫星优化通道选择结果。
The underlying surface conditions of Loess plateau area have been changing great because of human activity, which results in affecting the features of producing run-off and conveying sand.
在人类活动的影响下，黄土高原地区的下垫面条件发生了很大变化，这种变化影响了流域的产流输沙特性。
This conclusion reveals that under the stable weather conditions in Chengdu field simulation of real-time weather forecasting must consider the refinement of the underlying surface conditions.
此结论揭示了稳定天气条件下成都地区气象场的模拟及实时预报必须考虑精细化的下垫面状况。
PDI has many advantages such as simplicity, practicality, easy-to-useage, versatility and universality. And it is suitable to monitor regional drought under complex underlying surface conditions.
PDI模型能够有效地反映地表覆盖和水热组合，简单实用，具有通用性和普适性，适宜于复杂下垫面条件下的遥感旱情监测。
An analysis was performed of the method and characteristics of SPOT stereopair for DEM generation and some other methods for underlying surface information extraction currently used in engineering.
分析了利用SPOT卫星影像提取下垫面信息的现状，包括工程实践中通过SPOT立体像对恢复DEM的方法及其特点以及其他下垫面信息的提取方法及其特点；
An analysis was performed of the method and characteristics of SPOT stereopair for DEM generation and some other methods for underlying surface information extraction currently used in engineering.
分析了利用SPOT卫星影像提取下垫面信息的现状，包括工程实践中通过SPOT立体像对恢复DEM的方法及其特点以及其他下垫面信息的提取方法及其特点；
应用推荐