When the laser beams project in the relief gratings, its transmission diffraction patterns represent the surface informations of the relief gratings.
当激光束投射在浮雕光栅上，透过光栅的衍射光斑就反映了浮雕光栅的表面信息。
Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Raman spectroscopy and X ray diffraction (XRD) were used to investigate the lattice structures, phonon properties of the samples.
通过透射电境、X光衍射和拉曼散射对纳米晶的晶格结构和声子特性进行了研究。
In addition, the microstructure of the MgO thin films were examined with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Morphology (AFM) and Transmission Electron Micrograph (TEM).
同时，用X射线衍射(XRD)、原子力显微电镜(afm)和透射电镜(TEM)对薄膜的微观结构进行了分析。
The resultant surfaces were characterized by means of SEM, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and water contact Angle measurements.
用扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射、接触角测量等技术对表面进行了表征。
A properly choiced bias transmittance of the hologram can lead to a diffraction efficiency close to or a little higher than that of transmission reconstruction.
正确选取全息片的偏置透射率，可使反射显示的衍射效率接近或略高于透射显示的衍射效率。
Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) are employed to investigate the morphology and microstructures of carbon nanotubes.
用扫描电镜（TEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）研究了碳纳米管的形貌和微结构。
Transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction were used to study airborne particulates collected in Chongqing, Sichuan Province, which are seriously damaged by acid rain.
本文利用透射电镜和X -射线衍射技术，对酸雨危害较为严重的重庆市市区大气颗粒物样品进行了较力细致的研究工作。
To resolve this problem, a free space transmission system for optical signals is developed on base of diffraction effect of acoustooptic crystal.
由于电信号传输系统保密性和抗干扰能力差，为此，利用声光晶体的衍射效应研制了一种光信号自由空间传输系统。
The changes of transmission electron diffraction patterns indicate the phase change has occurred at about 220k, and its crystal parameters change obviously.
透射电子衍射花样的变化表明在220k附近发生了相变，它的晶体结构参数明显地变化。
X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope experiments indicate the powder sample is amorphous and also show the average particle size and crystallization products.
射线衍射和透射电子显微镜实验不但证实它的非晶性，而且给出它的平均颗粒度大小和晶化产物。
The properties of the product were characterized by thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and Fourier infrared transmission spectroscopy.
用差热-热重分析、X射线衍射、红外光谱等手段对样品进行表征。
A method employing the theory of fuzzy multifactorial decision to predict the diffraction efficiency of bleached transmission holograms is presented.
本文应用模糊数学的多元决策理论，对漂白透射全息图的衍射效率进行综合决策。
X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy establish that LCCO grew epitaxially inc-axis orientation on LCMO.
使用X射线衍射和透射电镜分析，表明异质结是c轴取向外延生长。
The effects of acid counteranions on the mesophases were investigated by X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscope.
采用小角X射线衍射和高分辨率透射电镜研究了不同酸根离子对产物介孔结构的影响。
The sample's crystal phase, structure, morphology and the reaction process were characterized and analyzed by using X-ray diffraction(XRD), transmission electron microscopy(TEM).
采用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）分析手段对样品的物相、结构、形貌进行了表征和分析。
The NLOS sound signal usually arrives at acoustic array by diffraction, and the diffracted transmission path is a geodesic according to the extensive Famat's principle.
非视距声信号通常经过绕射到达基阵，根据广义费马原理，传播路径为一条短程线。
The surface layers are characterized by means of the optical microscope, X ray diffraction, transmission electronic microscope, and micro hardness testing machine.
用X射线衍射、光镜和透射电镜对表层变形层金相组织、晶粒尺寸、显微硬度进行分析。
X ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and photoluminescence (PL) are used to analyze the synthesized GaN nanorods.
用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、高分辨率透射电镜（HRTEM）和光致发光光谱（PL）对生成的产物进行了分析。
The structural change of PAN based carbon fibre by an electric current pulse was studied by means of X-ray diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).
用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）等技术研究了PAN基碳纤维在单电流脉冲作用下的结构变化。
X-ray powder diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and photoluminescence spectra were used to characterize the resulted BAM phosphor.
通过X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）以及荧光光谱对获得的试样进行了表征。
The transmission angle is controlled by grating frequency and the diffraction efficiency is controlled by groove depth of sub-micro gratings to get uniformity of transmission filed.
亚微米光栅型导光板通过光栅空频控制出射光方向、控制槽深调节衍射效率，达到导光板出射光强的均匀性。
The morphology, structure, and photoluminescence(PL) of the phosphors were investigated by transmission electron microscope(TEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), emission spectra, and decay time.
以X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、发射光谱和衰减时间谱等手段表征材料性能。
Their structure, morphology and components have been characterized using transmission electron microscope(TEM), X-rays diffraction(XRD), and X-rays photoelectron spectrometer(XPS).
利用透射电镜（TEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子谱，表征了金纳米粉末的结构、形貌及其化学组分。
They were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM).
产物经x -射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和高分辨电子显微镜(HRTEM)表征。
The finite element model includes wave reflections, diffraction, and transmission when the shock wave encounters the structure.
该模型将爆炸波在岩土中的自由场传播与遇到结构后产生的波反射、绕射、透射等现象相结合考虑。
The thermal decomposition products were characterized by the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
运用X -射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)等技术对碱式碳酸铜热重分解产物进行了表征。
The X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) results indicate that the sputtered film has an amorphous structure.
射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨率透射电镜(HRTEM)和选区电子衍射(SAED)分析表明，该薄膜为非晶态。
The high-resolution images and corresponding electron diffraction patterns of YBCO films were obtained with the aid of high-resolution transmission electron microscope(HRTEM).
在高分辨透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）下获得了薄膜的高分辨图像及电子衍射花样。
The occurrence of submicro grained gold has been confirmed by means of electron diffraction technology of transmission electron microscopy.
利用透射电镜电子衍射原理证实了黄铁矿中的次显微金；
The occurrence of submicro grained gold has been confirmed by means of electron diffraction technology of transmission electron microscopy.
利用透射电镜电子衍射原理证实了黄铁矿中的次显微金；
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