Although, as a rule, no minimum value is set for the payments they carry, the average size of payments passed through such systems is usually relatively large.
尽管规则上不设定最小支付金额，但通过这类系统的平均支付额通常都相当大。
Such systems are going through tests in a small number of stores.
这种系统正在少数商店进行测试。
For example, is there a need to propagate client identity through intermediate systems such as brokers to the end-providers of service implementations?
例如，是否有必要通过类似于代理的中间件系统来把客户端身份传递到服务实现的最终提供者？
Once Portland is through its first round of successful application, though, it's natural to anticipate its spread to more DEs, and even other operating systems, such as Solaris or FreeBSD.
当Portland 获得其首次成功应用之后，很自然会预测到它会扩展到更多桌面环境，甚至扩展到其他操作系统，例如 Solaris 或 FreeBSD。
"It can cause structural damage such as burning through and blowing out rivets and it can potentially cause electro-magnetic interference with the flight control systems," he said.
“它会给飞机结构造成严重破坏，比如使铆钉被烧毁和脱落，此外还有可能产生电磁干扰从而影响飞行控制系统”，他说。
And these systems connect with each other in different ways, through the exchange of water, and energy, and chemistry, such as the exchange of carbon.
此外，通过交换水分、能量和化学元素(如碳元素)，这些系统还以不同的方式互相联系着。
As quantum hackers continue to put systems through their paces, such loopholes will be closed-as these now have been-and the systems become more secure.
随着量子黑客们继续考察系统的防护能力，这些漏洞将被关闭——就像现在所做的——系统也变得更加安全。
That has required regulators to upgrade their surveillance systems, which sort through trading records to find suspicious patterns around corporate events such as takeovers or earnings reports.
这便要求监管机构升级他们的监管监督系统，这些监管系统是根据交易记录去寻找公司公告(如收购或业绩报告)的可疑事项。
Users continue to invoke the legacy IT systems using the original application means, typically through a user interface (such as a mainframe dumb terminal or a packaged application's UI).
用户将继续使用原始应用程序方法调用遗留it系统，通常通过用户界面(如大型机哑终端或已打包应用程序的UI)。
Within closed systems (such as in an organization), conventions can be imposed through management.
在封闭的系统中(比如一个组织)，约定是通过行政手段强制实施的。
This layer provides for the integration of mainframe systems through multiple run time solution patterns such as Web facing, communication-level integration, messaging and Web service enabling.
该层通过多个运行时解决方案模式(如面向Web、通信级集成、消息传递和启用Webservice)提供大型机系统的集成。
Other systems, such as radio and television, broadcast signals through space, which can be received by anyone who has a device to receive them.
其他系统，如无线电台与电视台，通过空间来播出信号，任何拥有接收设备的人都可以接收。
You can achieve this through a structured review system, but such systems often become banal formalities with little or no communication.
你可以通过评价系统达到这个目的，但这样的评价系统通常会沦为陈腐的例行公事而降低或阻隔你与员工之间的沟通。
Enterprises make their project processes have universal similarities through carrying out such standard systems as ISO and CMM.
企业通过执行iso和CMM等标准体系，使得企业的项目流程有着普遍的相似性。
Body can eliminate the cell which is damaged, aged and mutated through apoptosis, in such a way that the body can keep its stability balance and normal function of all kinds of organisms and systems.
通过细胞凋亡，机体可清除损伤、衰老与突变的细胞来维持自身的稳态平衡和各种器官及系统的正常功能。
The conflict between the legal constructs of the systems surrounding law and actual operation of those systems can be reconciled through general articles of law such as "good faith".
法律系统对自己周围系统的现实建构与那些系统的运行现实之间的冲突可通过“诚信”等一般条款来协调。
Intermediation is automated through technologies such as groupware, intranets, workflow and document management systems.
通过诸如群件、内部网、工作流和文档管理系统等技术，中间层实现了自动化。
To make life faster and more convenient, people eager to speak can be resolved through a number of matters, such as voice dialing, voice access systems, voice input and so on.
为了使生活更加快捷、方便，人们渴望通过说话就可以解决一些事务，如语音拨号、语音门禁系统、语音输入等。
Implementation of such cook chill systems can be facilitated through the understanding of the cook chill technology and the latest research developments.
通过了解国内外此项技术的最新研究成果与推广应用经验，促成国内的广泛应用。
Generally, such methods and systems rely on the formation and subsequent transport of a foam through an associated transport pipe.
通常，此类方法和系统依赖于泡沫的形成和随后通过连接的输送管道输送泡沫。
Generally, such methods and systems rely on the formation and subsequent transport of a foam through an associated transport pipe.
通常，此类方法和系统依赖于泡沫的形成和随后通过连接的输送管道输送泡沫。
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