And on top of that, when that visible radiation bounces off those molecules, it scatters in all directions.
除此以外，当可见光波从这些分子上反射出去时，它会向四面八方扩散。
But how, they wondered, could those molecules survive?
可这些水分子怎么可能存活下来呢？
But they only recombine in those molecules that are from members of their same species.
但是它们只重组那些来自与它们同一物种的成员的分子。
Those molecules themselves are composed of smaller particles that have positive and negative charges of electricity.
那些分子本身是由若干更小的带有正负电荷的微粒所组成的。
This book describes the role of molecules in those plasmas by showing elementary collision processes involving those molecules.
这书描述分子在那些等离子内的角色在显示初等碰撞处理与那些分子有关时。
The device relies on specialized surface chemistry that avoids protein adsorption, except for those molecules that need to be detected.
以一个特殊的化学表面，不吸附其他蛋白，只吸附需要被检测的分子。
But it's difficult to find small molecules that block the enzyme directly because there's no obvious place for those molecules to bind.
但它很难找到的小分子，阻止酶直接，因为还没有明显的地方，对于那些分子的约束。
In 2008 astronomers discovered surprising amounts of water molecules where planets were forming near young stars. But how, they wondered, could those molecules survive?
2008年，天文学家在年轻恒星附近形成的行星上发现了数量惊人的水分子。
Since the activity of CtBP is, itself, governed by the processing of calorie-rich molecules, the more of those molecules the body processes, the more at risk of cancer it becomes.
因为CtBP蛋白质本身由加工富含卡路里的分子的过程控制着，所以身体处理越多的这类分子，患癌症的风险就越大。
But the intense heat of passing through the Earth's atmosphere likely damaged those molecules. After they land, meteorites can pick up small organisms and chemicals from Earth's environment.
美国宇航局已经收集了一些陨石，是小行星坠落到地球的碎片，陨石上的有机分子也许含有有价值的信息，但是通过地球大气层时的高温，可能破坏了这些有机分子，陨石着陆后，会从地球环境中携带上有机物和无机物。
Any water molecules that found their way to the floors of craters near the moon's poles, that water would be perpetually frozen, because the floors of those craters are always in shadow.
只要找到了通向月球两极附近陨石坑底部的路，这些水分子就会永远冻结，因为这些陨石坑的底部总是在阴暗处。
All of these alternatives are carbon-based fuels whose molecules are smaller and simpler than those of gasoline.
所有这些替代品都是碳基燃料，其分子比汽油分子更小、更简单。
All of these alternatives are carbon-based fuels whose molecules are smaller and simpler than those of gasoline.
所有这些替代品都是碳基燃料，其分子比汽油分子更小、更简单。
When neutrinos interact with electrons or nuclei of those water or oil molecules, they give off a flash of light that sensors can detect.
当中微子与那些水分子或油分子的电子或原子核相互作用时，会发出传感器可以检测到的闪光。
But soon those replicating molecules clothed themselves in a skin of fat, a membrane to keep their complex chemistry from diluting away.
但很快，这些复制分子将自己包裹在脂肪层之中，膜结构有助于防止复杂的化学物质被稀释。
It refers to a system state where the energy, the state of every one of those atoms or molecules is specified.
这个能量涉及一个系统的状态，这个状态下的每个原子，和分子的状态都是确定的。
Other approaches typically rely on less-specific reactions, Suslick says. Those techniques have a harder time distinguishing among some molecules and nosing out chemicals at low concentrations.
其他方法通常不依赖于特定的反应，这些技术不能很好的区分某些分子或者，在低浓度时的分别率也很低。
A hot blood meal should denature mosquito digestive enzymes, but other mosquito molecules protect those compounds.
一餐热血本应使蚊子的消化酶变性，但蚊子的其他分子却保护着这些化合物。
But a new study says that by focusing on the organic molecules by which life on earth might have been jumpstarted, those scientists missed possibly millions of other cosmic compounds.
但是一项新的研究声明科学家们过于注意有机分子(地球上的生命可能是由此而突然出现的)，可能因此忽略了几百万种其他的宇宙化合物。
So, under those extreme circumstances, what allowed the organic, carbon-based molecules to hang on and, ultimately, develop into life?
那么，在这样极端恶劣的环境下，究竟是什么让那些有机的碳基分子得以幸存并最终进化成生命？
Epigenetic changes are heritable changes to the regulation of a cell's genes, caused by extra molecules being attached to those genes.
表观遗传变异是由附属于基因的其他分子作用引起基因表达改变的可遗传的变异。
But those aren't the only states available to molecules.
但分子并不只在这些态。
Instead of ethanol, they plan to make hydrocarbons, molecules chemically much more similar to those that already power planes, trains and automobiles.
他们计划生产的不是乙醇、而是碳氢化合物，其分子的化学性质和结构与为飞机、火车和汽车提供动力的燃料类似。
Pressed against a surface, the molecules of these ridges attract those of the surface via an electrostatic phenomenon called the van der Waals force.
壁虎趾部触压表面时，通过一种称做“范德瓦尔斯力”的静电现象使壁虎脚隆起部位的分子与接触表面的分子产生黏合吸力。
Those pockets could be molded to fit specific cellular features, said Shih, allowing for the design of drug-delivering or diagnostic molecules targeted at a single type of cell.
“这些口袋结构可以被塑造成适合一定的细胞特征，”Shih说，“这样就可以用来设计针对单一类型细胞的药物传输或诊断分子。”
You can think of character classes as the "atoms" of regular expressions, and you will usually want to group those atoms into "molecules."
可以将字符类看作是规则表达式的“原子”，通常会将那些原子组合成“分子”。
This does not disturb the conformation of the protein molecules; but those in state "zero" absorb light at this wavelength.
这不会干扰蛋白质分子的构造，但那些“0”状态的蛋白质分子将吸收这个波长的光。
But some of that heat gets blocked by those pesky carbon dioxide molecules building up in the atmosphere-inexorably warming our planet.
但是由于那些“讨厌的”二氧化碳分子在大气中积累，使得有些热量不能散回到太空中去——这样就不可避免地使我们的地球变暖。
The molecules are continually being kicked around between all the states, among all those states.
分子持续地变换，在所有，这些状态之间。
So what we're going to calculate is the joint probability that the two molecules are in those states.
我们要计算的是,这两个分子处于,这些状态的联合分布。
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