This element can be used as solid element and can also be used to model thin curved shell structures.
该单元既可用做实体单元，又可模拟薄曲壳结构，在厚跨比非常小的情况下也能获得令人满意的精度。
In this paper, aimed at minimizing the whole strain energy of thin shell structure, the model of shape optimization and the topology optimization were built up.
以薄壳结构整体应变能最小为目标，建立了薄壳屋盖的形状优化与拓扑优化模型，并提出了薄壳屋盖形状优化与拓扑优化的的求解方法。
This paper treats a pipe as a beam or as a thin shell. Then, the effect of cracks on the dynamic characteristics of pipes is calculated by means of the model of zero dimension element with crack.
在考虑管道长度特征的前提下，把管道近似地看作长梁或薄壳，然后以“含裂纹零维度单元”模型（即垂直于裂纹面方向的单元尺度为零）计算出裂纹对管道动态特性的影响。
This paper treats a pipe as a beam or as a thin shell. Then, the effect of cracks on the dynamic characteristics of pipes is calculated by means of the model of zero dimension element with crack.
在考虑管道长度特征的前提下，把管道近似地看作长梁或薄壳，然后以“含裂纹零维度单元”模型（即垂直于裂纹面方向的单元尺度为零）计算出裂纹对管道动态特性的影响。
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