Methods: After literature search and analysis, the authors introduced the decision body, classification and contents of international Grading Nursing system.
方法：通过文献检索和实证研究，从分级护理的决策主体、分类、内容等方面对国外分级护理进行介绍。
It reviewed the classification, causes, and nursing care of patients with constipation.
综述了便秘的分类、原因及护理。
It reviewed the classification, causes, and nursing care of patients with constipation.
综述了便秘的分类、原因及护理。
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