XPS shows that the doping degree of PANI microtubes is higher than that of PANI bulk sample, due to huge surface area of PANI microtubes.
XPS分析表明聚苯胺微管具有比其本体试样更高的掺杂度，这是由于聚苯胺微管极大的比表面积有利于掺杂及模板孔壁阻碍了掺杂剂挥发；
The glass surface is blackened by use of ion exchange hydrogen reduction method, doping coloration ion method, surface coating method and collosol-gelling method.
对该玻璃表面黑化，采用了离子交换氢还原法、玻璃中掺杂着色离子法、表面涂覆法以及溶胶凝胶法。
Their optical properties can be easily tailored not only by changing the particle size, but also by suitable ions doping, structure fabrication and surface modification.
其光学性质不仅可以通过尺寸调节，还可以通过掺杂离子、结构构筑以及表面功能化来裁减。
The methods of modification included the surface covering of graphite with a layer of disorganized carbon or a film of appropriate metal, surface oxidation, mechanical grinding and doping.
修饰与改性方法包括形成包敷层和金属层、表面氧化、机械研磨以及掺杂等方法。
But too high thickness and doping level will do harm to the smoothness of film surface with doped impurity deteriorating the crystallization.
但是薄膜厚度的增大和掺杂浓度的提高会恶化膜面的平整度，同时过量的掺杂也会影响薄膜的结晶性能。
The spread uniformity of the dopant in the film surface will vary with the doping time.
又掺杂剂在膜表面分布均匀程度与掺杂时间有关。
New doping method has been found to decrease the surface resistance and volume resistance of the zinc oxide whiskers. The influence of Al-doping on the resistance of zinc oxide whiskers was studied.
采用新的铝掺杂方法，降低了氧化锌晶须电阻率，研究了铝掺杂对氧化锌晶须电阻率的影响。
New doping method has been found to decrease the surface resistance and volume resistance of the zinc oxide whiskers. The influence of Al-doping on the resistance of zinc oxide whiskers was studied.
采用新的铝掺杂方法，降低了氧化锌晶须电阻率，研究了铝掺杂对氧化锌晶须电阻率的影响。
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