Spin injection and spin detection are the key aspects to develop semicondutor spintronics device.

其中，自旋参数检测实验和自旋磁性材料是解决上述问题的关键。

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Based on the research of injection, transportation and manipulation of electron spin, a new subject called "spintronics" emerges in recent years.

近年来，基于对电子自旋态的产生、输运、控制等的研究，由此而导致了一门新的学科——自旋电子学的诞生。

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Based on the research of injection, transportation and manipulation of electron spin, a new subject called "spintronics" emerges in recent years.

近年来，基于对电子自旋态的产生、输运、控制等的研究，由此而导致了一门新的学科——自旋电子学的诞生。

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