Typical solutions for maintaining confidentiality and integrity involve using pre-existing secure protocols and cryptographic algorithms.
维护机密性和完整性的典型解决方案涉及使用现有的安全协议和加密算法。
Secure group communication is more complicated than peer to peer communication, and poses a number of challenges ranging from basic algorithms, systems and secure protocols to secure implementation.
相对于端到端的通信，安全群组通信更为复杂，从基本算法、系统及安全协议到安全实现都还存在需解决的问题。
The other aspect is on the practical application of secure protocols, including electronic auction, electronic voting, fair exchange, privacy preserving data mining, etc.
另一方面，则是针对实际应用的安全协议研究，包括电子拍卖、电子选举、公平交换、基于隐私的数据查询等。
The other aspect is on the practical application of secure protocols, including electronic auction, electronic voting, fair exchange, privacy preserving data mining, etc.
另一方面，则是针对实际应用的安全协议研究，包括电子拍卖、电子选举、公平交换、基于隐私的数据查询等。
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