Earlier IMF papers emphasised that capital controls should be imposed only in the face of temporary surges in inflows, arguing that the exchange rate should adjust when it came to permanent shocks.
早期的IMF文件强调只有遇到暂时性的资本流入大幅增加时才能采取资本管制措施，认为当涉及长期的资本冲击时，汇率应相应地调整。
Labor supply shocks varied depending on the infection rate and mortality in a given country.
劳动力供给突变的幅度大小取决于一国的感染率和死亡率高低。
That has undoubted appeal for policymakers in countries where floating-rate mortgages expose borrowers to the risk of payment shocks as rates rise.
对于那些采取浮动利率抵押贷款，利率增加时贷款人面临支付成本上升的国家的政策制定者来说，这无疑具有吸引力。
Faced with the shocks of the Asian financial crisis, China has committed to non-devaluation of the RMB exchange rate.
面对亚洲金融危机的冲击，中国一直保持人民币汇率不贬值。
Adverse events have included unintended "shocks" from neurostimulators, insulin pump malfunctions, and transient changes in pacemaker output pulse rate.
这些有害事件包括神经刺激器出现意外“震荡”，胰岛素泵功能失常，心脏起搏器输出脉率的短暂改变等。
So, re-launching RMB exchange rate forming-mechanism reform by central bank might enhance the ability of RMB exchange rate to cushion external shocks.
因此，央行重启人民币“汇改”将增强人民币汇率应对外部冲击的缓冲作用。
So, re-launching RMB exchange rate forming-mechanism reform by central bank might enhance the ability of RMB exchange rate to cushion external shocks.
因此，央行重启人民币“汇改”将增强人民币汇率应对外部冲击的缓冲作用。
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