In the mass production era, multinational firms tended to centralize their operations.
在大规模生产时期，跨国公司倾向于集中运营。
But it is getting harder to stop international economic integration, because at each stage of the production process firms are more intertwined than they were.
但是现在越来越难以停止国际经济一体化的进程了，因为在生产过程的每一个阶段企业都比以前更加交错复杂了。
Traditional “production functions” allow firms to substitute quality for quantity.
传统的“生产函数”允许公司以质取代量。
Some claims about the borderless world may be exaggerated, but there is no doubt that firms increasingly disperse production to wherever it can be done most efficiently.
有人声称无边界的世界这种说法有夸大之嫌，但是毫无疑问，大公司的生产不断向那些运作高效的地方分散。
Pharmaceutical firms are ready to begin production, but many decisions have to be made first - such as how much vaccine to make, how it should be distributed, and who should get it.
制药公司已经准备好生产疫苗，但是首先要做出某些决定，例如需要生产多少疫苗，应该如何分配，和谁应该得到它。
The rise of overseas production may be a boon to Japanese firms, but it causes pain in the country as a whole.
海外生产的增加对日本公司来说可能是有好处的，但对国家整体而言却带来了伤害。
Some have argued that the U.S. firms need not worry because the labor component of their production costs is small.
有些人主张说：在生产成本当中，因为美国公司在劳动力所占的比重很小，因此完全没有必要对此忧虑。
As firms increase production, they are expanding through contracts with outsourcing firms rather than permanent recruitment.
企业通过和外包企业进行接触而不是招聘固定工人来扩大生产。
Oil hit a peak even before news emerged that some foreign oil firms operating in Libya would cut production and that the country's ports had temporarily closed.
油价在消息传播开来之前就已经达到峰值，消息声称利比亚几家外国石油公司将会减少生产，国家的港口也会暂时关闭。
In the future, therefore, oil production will be even more concentrated in the hands of the national firms of Russia and the Persian Gulf.
因此，未来的石油生产将会更加集中在俄罗斯金和波斯湾的国有石油公司手中。
It has outsourced production to contractors in America and found international firms, notably in Japan and Italy, to join in as risk-sharing partners, making much of its successful new 787.
公司将生产外包给美国的承包商，并且寻找到国际商家——主要是在日本和意大利——以共担风险的合伙人身份加入了其成功的787新机型的制造流程中。
The global economy slumped at the end of 2008 in part because firms slashed production even faster than demand fell.
全球经济在2008年底时出现暴跌，部分原因在于公司生产的锐减速度甚至超过了需求下滑的速度。
To predict agricultural production, firms are studying ways to use satellite, weather and soil data throughout China.
为了预测农业生产，一些公司就在研究使用中国各地的卫星、气候和土壤数据的方法。
So firms planning today for production tomorrow are increasingly looking close to home. BCG lists several examples of companies that have already brought plants and jobs back to America.
所以现在许多公司计划明天的生产能更靠近本国的愿望日益浓厚，波士顿咨询集团列出了好几个已经把工厂和就业机会搬回到美国的例子。
Input prices and input purchases also fell by records as firms cut inventories of production materials in anticipation that demand will remain slack.
投入价格和投入采购随着公司销减产品原料库存名单同时出现历史性下滑，预示着需求仍会继续低迷。
EOS, a German supplier of laser-sintering 3d printers, says they are already being used to make plastic and metal production parts by carmakers, aerospace firms and consumer-products companies.
EOS是一家德国的激光烧结3d印制机生产商。该公司称其产品已经被汽车制造者，航空企业和生产消费产品的公司用来制造塑料和金属部件。
There are already stories of “ onshoring” as firms discover that overseas production isn’t worth the hidden costs; there would be many more if exchange rates were very different.
随着一些企业发现海外生产抵不住隐含成本，已经有了“海归”一说，如果汇率远不止此的话，海归会更多。
Japanese firms have long used poor countries merely as production bases and then shipped their products to rich ones.
日本长期以来将贫穷国家仅作为生产基地，然后将产品运送到发达国家。
Foreign and local firms can also divert production to China's fast-growing domestic market.
国外的和当地的厂家也可能将其生产转移至中国快速增长的国内市场。
Japanese firms have long used poor countries merely as production bases and then shipped their products to rich ones. That model no longer works.
长期以来，日企视低收入国家为纯粹的生产基地，将产品运往富裕国家销售，这样的模式已经过时了。
PFC Energy, a consultancy, calculates that 77% of the world's oil and gas is found in countries whose production is controlled by state-owned oil firms and their partners.
PFC能源（一家咨询公司）认为77％的全球石油和天然气储于国有公司和合作伙伴控制着石油生产的国家。
But like any chain, these are only as strong as their weakest link. A danger point will come if firms decide that this way of organising production has had its day.
各公司信赖全球供应链的效率使全球化得以受到保护的，但是和其他链一样，它们的牢固度和最脆弱的链接一样，如果企业决定这种组织生产的方式已经到头了，那么危险就来了。
Will multinational firms shift production elsewhere?
跨国公司将会向其他地方转移生产吗？
It USES a more labour-intensive production system than the Japanese firms it competes with to take advantage of low Labour costs.
BYD采用一种比竞争对手日本公司更甚的劳动密集型生产体系取得低劳动成本优势。
About 19,000 are employed in small satellite firms involved in parts of the production process.
约有19000人参与生产过程，受雇于小卫星型公司。
About 19, 000 are employed in small satellite firms involved in parts of the production process.
约有19000人参与生产过程，受雇于小卫星型公司。
Japanese car firms were already shifting production away from Japan, to spread their risks and move closer to their customers. The quake will accelerate this process.
震前，日本汽车公司就把生产地从本土撤离以分散风险，将生产地尽量迁至销售地，这场地震会加快迁移进程。
At the same time, companies from other countries, especially European firms, are moving production to America.
与此同时，其他国家的公司，尤其是欧洲公司正在将生产线转移到美国。
At the same time, companies from other countries, especially European firms, are moving production to America.
与此同时，其他国家的公司，尤其是欧洲公司正在将生产线转移到美国。
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