The purchaser is the primary actor.

购买者是主要的参与者。

youdao

For both long and short running process use cases, there is no Primary Actor; they are always triggered by other use cases and don't directly involve any user interaction.

对于长时间运行和短时间运行的流程用例，并没有主要参与者；它们始终由其他用例触发，并不直接涉及任何用户交互。

youdao

For both long and short running process use cases, there is no Primary Actor; they are always triggered by other use cases and don't directly involve any user interaction.

对于长时间运行和短时间运行的流程用例，并没有主要参与者；它们始终由其他用例触发，并不直接涉及任何用户交互。

youdao