This paper discusses the estimation of the expected rate of return of stock price process.
本文讨论了股票价格过程期望收益率的估计问题。
In their simulations, the researchers found that the interaction between agents' sentiments yielded a price process that could reproduce the main properties of real markets.
在模拟中，研究员发现经纪间的相互作用产生了一个能重现真实市场主要特性的价格过程。
In the option pricing with martingale way, the most important aspect is finding the equivalent martingale measure to make the discounted stock price process become martingale.
在期权定价的鞅方法中最重要是找到等价鞅测度，使得贴现的股票价格过程是鞅。
We investigate the fluctuation of price process in a stock market with Ising model and the mean field theory, and construct the corresponding random logarithmic price returns process.
再利用计算机模拟股票价格收益率的分布特征，模型很好的刻画了现实证券市场中股票收益率分布的宽尾现象、长记忆性，以及累积分布中尾部收益的指数递减现象。
Applying the Voter model and the theory of stopping time, we construct the return process of a stock in a stock market. From this return process, we can derive the corresponding stock price process.
本文就是应用随机过程理论来建立选举模型，再应用选举模型和停时理论建立了股票收益过程，进而得到了股票价格过程。
The price variable, once perceived as the dominant aspect of the process, is now subordinate to the competition of the new product, the new business structure, and the new technology.
价格变量曾经被视为过程的主导因素，现在从属于新产品、新业务结构和新技术的竞争。
Agreement on an international carbon-price floor would be a good starting point in that process.
就国际碳价格下限达成的协议将是这进程中一个良好的起点。
The current process of creating, updating, and publishing the product and price information (catalog) is complex and highly distributed across applications in the enterprise.
当前创建、更新和发布产品及价格信息(目录)的流程非常复杂，在企业中的应用程序之间高度分散。
The current process of creating, updating, and publishing the product and price information is complex and highly distributed across applications in the enterprise.
当前创建、更新和发布产品及价格信息的流程非常复杂，在企业中的应用程序之间高度分散。
At the moment, this process costs more than ten times as much as conventional mining, but some countries might regard that as a small price to pay for security of supply.
目前来说，这个工艺的成本要十倍于传统的开采铀矿，不过一些国家可能会把它看作是为供应安全而付出的小小代价。
But this process only applies to things with a price; not if they are free, as are some of the most important global goods-a healthy atmosphere, fresh water, non-acidic oceans, furry wild animals.
但是这个过程需要一定的代价，有的是最重要的全球资源——健康的大气，新鲜的水，非酸性的海洋以及毛绒绒的野生动物。
Enterprise business processes such as the NPA process or the Price Action process drive and affect the catalog development and distribution operations across the entire enterprise.
诸如npa流程或价格操作流程等企业业务流程驱动并影响目录开发以及在整个企业中的分发操作。
In many proposal development efforts, the price of the proposed solution exceeds the projected, estimated price set at the start of the process.
在许多提案开发过程中，建议的解决方案的价格往往会超过在流程开始时设立的预计定价。
Even now, the process is proving cumbersome, with disputes over the fixed price companies would receive clouding the bidding.
即使现在，这个过程还是很麻烦，各公司愿意接受的固定价格的争议给这次竞标投下了阴影。
Yet this price goal adds certain constraints to the design process.
然而，这个价位目标为设计过程增加了一定的限制。
They worry about selling them later—the price they pay for enjoying economies of scale in the manufacturing process.
之后才去担心销售问题 –这是他们在制造过程中因生产规模节省下来的那部分的代价.
In general, the narrower the categories into which recyclables are sorted and the more meticulous the separation, the easier they are to process and the higher the price they fetch.
一般来说，回收品所划分的类目越多，分类越细，对它们进行加工就更容易，所卖得的价格也越高。
But a continuous rise in the relative price of commodities is a symptom of an inflationary process.
但大宗商品相对价格的持续上涨则是一场通胀的征兆。
A: Don't confuse the term "upgrade" when it's used to describe the price variant with the term as it's used to describe the installation process.
答：不要混淆这里的“升级”和上一个问题的“升级”，这里它是用来描述安装过程的选项。
As the supply of crude oil dwindles and the price thus rises, anything that makes the process of prospecting new Wells cheaper is to be welcomed.
当原油供应下降并导致价格上升之时，任何能使新井勘探成本更低的技术都将受到欢迎。
While it's possible to do that without Windows 7, Price says the new configuration tools for Remote Media Streaming make the process dead simple to set up.
尽管没有Windows7也可能做到这一点，从价值上讲，远程流媒体的配置工具让设置进程变得十分简单。
“The new open ticketing layout emphasizes the use of electronic self-service kiosks to speed the check-in process and minimize lines, ” says Debbie Price, vice president of the airline’s Houston hub.
“新的值机区加强了电子值机设备的应用，它们可加快值机流程并尽可能地缩短等候队伍，”大陆航空的休斯顿枢纽副总裁DebbiePrice表示。
In the process, risk is valued, and riskier stocks and assets must sell for a lower price (or, equivalently, earn a higher average return).
在这个过程中，风险被赋予了价值，风险股票和资产只能以较低的价位出售（或者说，获得较高的平均收益）。
'The exchange-rate mechanism and the price of the renminbi are in a dynamic process of continuous change,' he said. 'So they will differ in different periods.'
他说，汇率的形成机制、人民币的价格处于不断转变的动态过程，因此在不同的阶段会有所变化。
The Republicans are also paying a direct price for their obstructionism—surrendering what influence they might have had over impending legislation (and playing into Ms Pelosi’s hands in the process).
共和党人同时需要为阻挠议事付出直接代价——在迫切需要立法的项目上影响力降低（和在立法过程中受制于Pelosi女士）。
To illustrate the process of creating a custom validator, consider that in the CreateInput form, each seller is asked to enter a minimum and maximum expected price for his or her vehicle.
为了演示创建定制验证器的流程，请考虑CreateInput表单，其中每个销售者都要求输入其汽车的最低和最高价格。
To illustrate the process of creating a custom validator, consider that in the CreateInput form, each seller is asked to enter a minimum and maximum expected price for his or her vehicle.
为了演示创建定制验证器的流程，请考虑CreateInput表单，其中每个销售者都要求输入其汽车的最低和最高价格。
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