To transform Vietnam and Burma to be Qing's buffer zones against the West was one of the outcomes of the new policy.

强化对朝宗主权及在越南、缅甸寻求建立缓冲区是这种政策变化的产物。

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To transform Vietnam and Burma to be Qing's buffer zones against the West was one of the outcomes of the new policy.

强化对朝宗主权及在越南、缅甸寻求建立缓冲区是这种政策变化的产物。

youdao