Refractory pathological memory on opioid will be generated in animals after chronic opioid treatment, which revealed the participation of learning and memory in opioid dependence.
阿片长期处理能够造成动物对阿片产生顽固性的病理性记忆，表明学习记忆参与了阿片依赖过程。
Especially, some of them show biphasic modulation on opioid functions, which enhance opioid analgesia, but inhibit tolerance to and substance dependence on opioids.
特别是有些药物能对阿片功能产生双向调节作用，即增强阿片镇痛，对抗阿片耐受和躯体依赖。
Especially, some of them show biphasic modulation on opioid functions, which enhance opioid analgesia, but inhibit tolerance to and substance dependence on opioids.
特别是有些药物能对阿片功能产生双向调节作用，即增强阿片镇痛，对抗阿片耐受和躯体依赖。
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