There are two basic systems for issuing certificates: a closed (private hierarchy) system and an open (public hierarchy) system.
发布证书有两种基本的系统：封闭式(私有层次)系统与公开式(公共层次)系统。
Using this virtual instrument, the frequency characteristics of both open-loop system and closed-loop system can be measured.
设计的虚拟仪器既适用于对开环系统又适用于对闭环系统的频率特性进行测试。
Compared with closed loop system, open loop system has higher efficiency and wider application.
与闭式系统相比，开式系统换热效率更高，应用更为广泛。
An analysis of the antenna and scattering theory is an important part in the electromagnetic problems, which describes the energy transformation from a closed circuit system to an open space system.
电磁问题中有很大一类是研究天线和散射理论，即由封闭电路系统向空间开放系统的能量转换。
In static design, we choose important system elements and determine system control scheme, which provide good basis for the open-loop control and closed-loop control.
通过静态设计、系统元件的选型，静态特性的分析和控制方案的选择，为开环控制打下基础。
From a different point of view, the hydraulic system can be divided into different forms. 1 the way the cycle of oil, hydraulic system can be divided into open systems and closed systems.
从不同的角度出发，可以把液压系统分成不同的形式。1按油液的循环方式，液压系统可分为开式系统和闭式系统。
From a different point of view, the hydraulic system can be divided into different forms. 1 the way the cycle of oil, hydraulic system can be divided into open systems and closed systems.
从不同的角度出发，可以把液压系统分成不同的形式。1按油液的循环方式，液压系统可分为开式系统和闭式系统。
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