Total shoulder replacement, however, requires open surgery.
而全肩关节置换，则需要切开手术。
They performed open surgery in 8.5% of the cases (6 ureters).
患者（6条输尿管）行开放性手术。
All the patients underwent open surgery or endovascular treatment.
所有患者均行外科手术或血管腔内治疗。
"The most exciting finding is that our patients go home much sooner when they have VATS compared to open surgery," Dr. Scott said.
Scott医生说：“最另人兴奋的发现是与开胸手术相比，施行胸腔镜手术的病人更快(恢复)出院回家。”
Objective to study the reason for the increase of open surgery for kidney calculi and to evaluate the effect of surgical treatment.
目的探讨肾结石开放性手术治疗增多的原因并评估手术治疗的效果。
Methods: From 1973 to 1996, 50 cases of primary ureteral carcinoma, confirmed by open surgery and pathology, were retrospectively analyzed.
方法：对1973 ~ 1996年经手术及病理证实的50例原发性输尿管癌进行回顾性分析。
UFE is much less invasive than an open surgery. It should be done by an interventional radiologist – a doctor trained to perform this procedure.
UFE比外科手术有更小的损伤性。应该由放射科介入医生来进行这项操作。
Traditional treatment has normally involved open surgery to remove the faulty veins, but the new embolisation process now offers a much less invasive alternative.
传统的治疗方法是去除紊乱血管的开放性手术，但是新方法采用栓塞技术可使手术损伤小。
Objective: To study therapeutic effects of two methods (arthroscopic operation and open surgery) in the treatment of ligament injuries caused by knee dislocation.
目的：观察关节镜下和切开关节两种方法治疗膝关节脱位韧带损伤的疗效。
Most markers returned to baseline levels by three days after the minimally invasive surgery, whereas they required seven days to return to baselines levels after the open surgery.
行微创手术患者的大多数标记物于术后3天恢复至基线水平，而开放式手术后患者恢复至基线水平需要7天。
Conclusion VATS has the same curative effect as traditional open surgery in early-stage peripheral lung cancer with less surgical trauma, faster convalescence and less untoward reaction.
结论VATS在早期周围型肺癌的手术治疗中可获得与传统常规开胸手术同样的治疗效果，而且具有手术创伤小、恢复快、不良反应少等优点。
Conclusion VATS has the same curative effect as traditional open surgery in early-stage peripheral lung cancer with less surgical trauma, faster convalescence and less untoward reaction.
结论VATS在早期周围型肺癌的手术治疗中可获得与传统常规开胸手术同样的治疗效果，而且具有手术创伤小、恢复快、不良反应少等优点。
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