Then the paper discussed how it exerts the influence on monetary policy under the presumption that the scale of virtual currency is big enough to exert this influence.
目前学术界对虚拟货币的概念存在多种说法，本章在对这些说法进行介绍和比较后，归纳出现阶段虚拟货币的三大特点。
As global markets continue to see-saw on the verge of another recession, central banks across the world face a difficult balancing act of monetary policy.
随着全球市场继续在另一场萧条的边缘摇摆不定，全球各国央行都面临着艰难的货币政策平衡行动。
The other but more commonly used monetary policy is to change the rate to effectively alter the rate of interest on deposits.
另一种更广泛被运用的货币政策是改变比率，以有效地调整存款的利率水平。
Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" or "a touch on the brakes", makes it sound like a precise science.
有很多用于描述货币政策的词汇，例如“引导经济软着陆”，“触动经济刹车”，使货币政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。
To illustrate this he takes the reader on a journey through more than two centuries of monetary and fiscal policy and banking.
为了说明这一点，他把两百多年来的货币与财政政策和银行业的历程呈献给读者。
It was good enough, with his work on monetary analysis and stabilisation policy, to win him a Nobel Prize in 1976.
他的先见之明在当时是了不起的，他在消费分析、货币供应理论及历史、和稳定政策复杂性等范畴的贡献，使得他获得了 1976年度的诺贝尔经济类学术奖励。
But it is not clear whether quantitative easing on its own changes people's expectations of monetary policy and inflation.
但是还不清楚是否仅仅依靠定量宽带政策就可以改变人们对于货币及通货膨胀政策的期望。
In contrast to the policy recommendations of most economists, relying on monetary incentives to tackle collective choice problems like global warming can actually have perverse effects.
与大部分经济学家的政策建议相比，通过对货币激励政策的依赖而抓住共同选择的问题，例如全球变暖，这样做会造成不良影响。
Yet early signs of growth will generate pressure to tighten monetary policy which Mr Bernanke must beat back without seeming soft on inflation.
早期增长的迹象还会给伯南克为防止通胀而需实施的紧缩银根政策带来压力。
However, with the more flexible monetary-exchange policy now in place, the impact on Russia's external accounts should not be large.
但是，随着更灵活的汇率政策目前已经到位，对俄罗斯外部账户的影响应该很大。
The chapter on the international financial crisis is an unsatisfying rehash of the usual explanations, such as loose monetary policy, sloppy underwriting and derivatives.
国际金融危机那章不太令人满意，就是些老调重弹，重述些大家听惯了的解释，比如宽松的货帀政策，保险业与金融衍生品市场的不规范。
If the issuers of the world's reserve currencies do not show more restraint, another crisis is inevitable, wrote Xia Bin, an academic on China's monetary-policy committee.
中国人民银行货币政策委员会的研究员夏斌发文指出，如果全球的储备货币发行者(译者注：指各国央行)都不加克制，另一轮危机的爆发将不可避免。
In Britain, Adam Posen, on the Monetary Policy Committee, urges more action.
在英国，货币政策委员会的成员Adam Posen正在呼吁采取进一步的行动。
Minutes of the Fed's meeting released yesterday showed that policy makers were divided on whether additional monetary stimulus will be needed if the outlook for economic growth remains weak.
昨天发布的美联储会议纪要表明，在如果经济增长前景走淡是否需要新的额外货币刺激方面，政策制定者们存在分歧。
What causes the lags in the effect of monetary and fiscal policy on aggregate demand?
什么因素导致货币和财政政策对总需求影响的时滞？
The Bank of England's monetary policy committee is split on whether to raise interest rates, but it has got more hawkish.
英国央行的货币政策委员会就是否调高利率问题立场不一，但整体上更倾向鹰派手腕。
According to a circular on the PBOC website, the regular first-quarter monetary policy committee meeting decided that the economic and financial situations were stable.
据中国人民银行网站上发布的一则通知，货币政策委员会第一季度常规会议确认我国经济和金融处于稳定状态。
A financial crisis may have an effect on other fields through such factors as currency, capital, central bank monetary policy, and psychological reasons.
金融危机可以通过货币、资本、央行政策以及心理预期等因素进行传递。
But though many would like to pin the blame for Europe's woes on its monetary policy, the one-size-fits-all currency regime is not the main cause of the euro zone's problems.
但是，尽管很多人都认为欧洲陷入当前困境应当归咎于它的财政政策，但其实引发欧元区问题的主要原因并非这种通用型货币制度。
Fiscal and monetary policy have a profound effect on the financial marketplace.
财政和金融政策对金融市场有巨大的影响。
While the market may have reacted to King's fairly dovish comments yesterday, today it was reminded that his is only one view on the Monetary Policy Committee.
市场或已对金恩昨天相当温和的评论做出反应，但今天或记起他是货币政策委员会中唯一一个发表看法的成员。
The Federal Reserve's policy-setting committee next meets on September 20th and 21st and has scheduled an extra day's discussion on its Arsenal of unconventional monetary weapons.
美联储的政策制定委员会将在9月20和21号会面，已经决定于另一天就非寻常的货币武器军械库展开讨论。
Inflation measured by the consumer price index, the measure the Bank of England's monetary policy committee focuses on, is edging towards 5% (3% above the committee's target).
英国央行货币政策委员会的重点关注的标准即衡量通货膨胀的消费者物价指数(CPI)，正冲向向5%(超出委员会目标的3%)。
The Federal Reserve's policy-setting committee next meets on September 20th and 21st and has scheduled an extra day's discussion on its Arsenal of unconventional monetary weapons.
美联储政策制定委员会下一次的会议原定于9月20、21日召开，现会期额外增加一天，用于讨论其非常规的货币武器。
Monetary Theory and Policy from Hume and Smith to Wicksell: Money, Credit, and the Economy ( Historical Perspectives on Modern Economics )
从休谟，斯密到维克塞尔的货币理论：金钱，信誉与经济。
On the monetary side, the IMF and Pakistan have agreed to continue 'flexible exchange rate' policy, which means that the State Bank would not intervene in the market to stabilise the rupee.
在金融方面，国际货币基金组织和巴基斯坦已经同意继续'灵活的汇率政策，这意味着国家银行不会干预市场，以稳定卢比。
On the monetary side, the IMF and Pakistan have agreed to continue 'flexible exchange rate' policy, which means that the State Bank would not intervene in the market to stabilise the rupee.
在金融方面，国际货币基金组织和巴基斯坦已经同意继续'灵活的汇率政策，这意味着国家银行不会干预市场，以稳定卢比。
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