A differential arithmetic is proposed for simplifying the observational equation as well as for avoiding the computation of the unknown integer constant.
提出相邻历元间差分算法，大大简化了观测方程，同时避免积分常量的计算。
When the observational equation is under the hypothesis on singularity and a solution of the lemma exists, we show that there exists a minimal order filter.
当量测方程奇异假设条件成立及引理有解时，本文证明了最小阶奇异滤波器必定存在。
The second part shows GPS observational equation, the corresponding error sources, the characteristics of errors and the essential methods for error processing.
第二是有关GPS观测方程和相关误差产生的原因，分析了误差的特点和处理的基本方法。
The surface heat balance is discussed by involving the observational data of radiation and soil heat transfer, and the closed test of the surface heat balance equation is made.
结合辐射和土壤热通量观测资料揭示了两站的地面热量平衡状况，用地面热量平衡方程对以上结果进行了闭合误差检验。
The surface heat balance is discussed by involving the observational data of radiation and soil heat transfer, and the closed test of the surface heat balance equation is made.
结合辐射和土壤热通量观测资料揭示了两站的地面热量平衡状况，用地面热量平衡方程对以上结果进行了闭合误差检验。
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