In calculating the seismic force of high-rise steel structures, the periods should be multiplied by a reduction factor (0.9) to account for the stiffness due to non-structural elements.
在计算高层钢结构地震剪力时，周期应乘以0.9折减系数以考虑非结构构件对刚度的影响。
The main causes of bottom flat crack are analyzed, mainly including radial force generated by closure strands stretching in middle span , non-structural elements and construction effects , etc.
分析了导致底板崩裂的主要原因，主要包括跨中合龙束张拉时产生的径向力作用、非预应力钢筋构造因素及施工影响等；
The main causes of bottom flat crack are analyzed, mainly including radial force generated by closure strands stretching in middle span , non-structural elements and construction effects , etc.
分析了导致底板崩裂的主要原因，主要包括跨中合龙束张拉时产生的径向力作用、非预应力钢筋构造因素及施工影响等；
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