Biologists have long known about the switches, which are clusters of atoms called methyl groups.
生物学家早已知道这个开关，它是由原子组成的，叫做甲基。
One adds molecules called methyl groups to the DNA of the gene. This suppresses gene expression.
一种是在基因的DNA上添加甲基，从而阻止了基因表达。
The repressive mark was composed of three methyl groups attached to a lysine on the H4 histone.
抑制性标记由3个甲基基团组成，结合到组蛋白H4的一个赖氨酸残基上。
Epigenomics studies the distribution over the genome’s DNA of control molecules called methyl groups.
表观基因组学研究的是分布在控制分子的基因组DNA (叫作甲基群).
Small chemicals called methyl groups bind to the DNA, helping to determine which genes become active.
被叫做甲基群的小东西附着在DNA上，用以帮助决定哪些基因激活。
The methyl groups are attached only to specific cytosine bases - one of the four building blocks of DNA.
这些甲基团只粘附于特定胞嘧啶碱基- DNA四个组成成分之一。
This modification is either the addition of methyl groups to the DNA or of acetyl groups to the histones.
这种改性或者是甲基增至DNA中，或者是乙酰基增加到组蛋白中。
So, you already have a hint that methyl groups are never in the middle, they always have to be on the outside.
那么，你已经得到了一个提示，那就是甲基永远都不可能在中间，它们总是在外侧。
In healthy cells, certain short sequences of DNA carry methyl groups that serve as tags controlling gene activity.
健康个体的某些短小的DNA序列上会带有甲基，做为调控基因活性的标签。
It is found that Methyl groups staying on the surface of silica nanoparticles though surface reaction make silica be hydrophobic.
由于极短的停留时间，颗粒的表面反应在颗粒表面成功的保留了有机基团，使得颗粒具有疏水性能。
During growth and development, genes that should not be expressed are physically tagged with chemical groups such as methyl groups.
在生长和发育过程中，基因被化学基团如甲基标记后会不表达。
When methyl groups are added to a histone, they modify its properties and alter the frequency at which a particular gene is expressed.
当甲基加到组蛋白后，这些基团会修饰它的性质并改变它上面特定基因的表达频率。
However, Shokat and his colleagues had synthesized a chemical structure in the lab that mimics lysine with the methyl groups attached.
但是Shokat和他的同事已经在实验室合成了一种化学物质，它的结构可以模拟甲基化的赖氨酸。
They then compared the patterns of the methyl groups attached to the genes of the healthy volunteers with those of the diabetic and pre-diabetic ones.
他们把健全志愿者肌肉组织的基因形态分别与糖尿病患者和潜在糖尿病患者的基因相比较。
It works largely by altering the methylation patterns "the addition or subtraction of methyl groups" around a gene, but not the DNA sequence itself.
表观遗传主要通过基因的甲基化模式的来起作用，而不是DNA序列。
Methyl donors can contribute methyl groups to biological processes such as liver function, detoxification and cellular replication (production of new cells).
这些供体可以促进甲基化生物过程，如肝功能，解毒和细胞复制(产生新的细胞)。
The enzymes in question are histone acetyltransferase (which adds acetyl groups to proteins) and methylated DNA-binding protein-2 (which removes methyl groups from DNA).
这两种酶是组蛋白乙酰转移酶(它能给蛋白质添加乙酰基)和甲基化dna结合蛋白- 2(它能把DNA上的甲基去除)。
A term used in petroleum technology to describe a method of removing methyl groups (or other alkyl groups) from a hydrocarbon compound and replacing them with hydrogen.
石油技术所用的一个术语，叙述将烃类化合物的甲基(或其他烷基)脱除下来并代之以氢的方法。
Knowing which enzymes remove methyl groups can help researchers find cheaper, more efficient ways to produce synthetic drugs to treat asthma and blood and heart problems.
了解了何种酶在去除甲基能够帮助研究者们发现更便宜更有效的方法来生产人造药物去治疗哮喘、血液以及心脏疾病。
DMG has been used as a sports supplement. TMG is 50% more effective than DMG in any application where the methyl groups are useful. Otherwise, they can used interchangeably.
DMG已被用作体育补充。无水甜菜碱50%以上比d MG更有效地在任何甲基化方面。否则，他们可以互换使用。
An analysis of a person's DNA methylation finds that the number of methyl groups attached to the DNA correlates with the person's age — making saliva analysis a possible CSI tool.
对人体DNA甲基化水平进行检测发现，结合在DNA上的甲基团数量与年龄有关，因此，唾沫分析技术有望成为犯罪现场取证工具。
Past structural studies of methylation were hindered by the extreme difficulty of constructing homogeneous samples of histones bearing methyl groups attached to specific lysine residues.
过去甲基化的结构研究被阻碍的原因是因为很难制备组蛋白特定部位赖氨酸甲基化的均一样品。
This attaches methyl groups (a carbon atom and three hydrogens) to either adenine or cytosine, two of the four chemical bases that form the alphabet of DNA, depending on the gene involved.
腺嘌呤和胞嘧啶是DNA四大成分其中之二，而到底附着于哪一个则取决于具体的基因。
Although the ionization potentials of dimethyl naphthalenes used was almost the same yet the charge distribution was different due to the different positions of two methyl groups on naphthalene. Th…
结果表明，尽管这些二甲基萘的电离能基本相同，但因取代基位置不同使分子中电荷分布不同，从而影响了激基复合物的形成能力。
The relative stereochemistry of the 1, 10-double bond and that of the methoxyl, methyl, and acetoxy groups were determined by NOESY experiments and analyses of the coupling constants.
通过NOESY实验以及偶合常数的分析，确定了其结构中1,10位双键和甲氧基、乙酰氧基、甲基等基团的相对构型。
The relative stereochemistry of the 1, 10-double bond and that of the methoxyl, methyl, and acetoxy groups were determined by NOESY experiments and analyses of the coupling constants.
通过NOESY实验以及偶合常数的分析，确定了其结构中1,10位双键和甲氧基、乙酰氧基、甲基等基团的相对构型。
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