PURPOSE: to investigate the effect of root canal anatomy in maxillary first premolars on root canal treatment difficulty.
目的：探讨上颌第一前磨牙的根管解剖形态对根管治疗术难度的影响。
Objective To investigate root canal curvatures of human maxillary first premolars in buccolingual directions.
目的研究上颌第一前磨牙根管颊舌向的弯曲情况。
Objective To investigate the root and canal morphology of extracted maxillary second premolars.
目的观察上颌第二前磨牙的牙根及根管形态。
Conclusions: The roots of maxillary first premolars possesses a variety of canal system types.
结论：上颌第一前磨牙的根管类型相对复杂。
Mandibular second premolars are the most frequently missing teeth while maxillary lateral incisors are second-most.
下颌第二前磨牙是最常见的缺失的牙齿，而上颌侧切是第二大。
Mandibular second premolars are the most frequently missing teeth while maxillary lateral incisors are second-most.
下颌第二前磨牙是最常见的缺失的牙齿，而上颌侧切是第二大。
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