Western economics takes market externality as an important field of study and regards it as one of the basic phenomena of market defect.
现代西方经济学把外部性作为重要的研究范畴，认为它是市场缺陷的基本表现之一。
Here's a pretty standard definition: an externality is a cost or benefit that affects society but is not included in the market price of a good or service.
它有一个非常标准的定义：商品的一种成本或收益影响了他人，但这个成本或收益却没有相应的反映在商品的价格上。
In the competitive market, such enterprises can't make externality internality and have low effects in resources' distribution.
这样的企业在完全竞争市场上不能将外部性内在化，配置资源效率低下。
This paper analyzes the market structure with network externality and its competitive characteristics.
本文研究了存在网络外部性的市场结构以及竞争特征。
One important explanation for market failure is externality, which can be internalized by law.
外部性是造成市场失灵的重要原因。
Based on the network externality theory, a market competition risk control model was discussed. At the end of this paper, some advices of controlling market risk are given.
对于市场竞争风险的控制，本文应用网络外部效应理论探讨风险的控制模型，文章的最后还提到了一些市场风险控制的建议。
Pointed out that as a network externality market, competition of standards and the installed base of users also is the focus of competition in China's current electronic payment industry.
指出与其他网络外部性的市场一样，标准竞争和用户安装基础竞争同样也是当前我国电子支付企业竞争的焦点。
And during the market which has the characteristic of network externality, the potential firm tends to enter the market where the incumbent firms take the strategy of products incompatibility.
在具有网络外部性特征的市场中，潜在厂商更偏好进入在位厂商相互不兼容的市场。
The necessity of structuring competitive market in freeway industry is analyzed from the entry barriers, externality of trade and the attributes of the industry.
本文从行业进入壁垒、交易的外部性、产业自身属性三个方面分析了在我国高速公路产业实行可竞争性规制的必要性；
When products are incompatible with each other, the existence of network externality enlarges the market competition.
在产品完全不兼容时，网络外部性加剧了市场竞争。
The purpose for externality study is on its internalization, which can be expressed by modifying the market failure.
研究外部性的意义在于内部化，即纠正市场失灵。
The purpose for externality study is on its internalization, which can be expressed by modifying the market failure.
研究外部性的意义在于内部化，即纠正市场失灵。
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