In this paper, theories of ZnO film p-type doping are introduced in several aspects, including self-compensation effect, madelung energy, and thermodynamics.
本文分别从自补偿效应，马德隆能以及热力学等角度介绍了氧化锌薄膜的p型掺杂的理论研究。
But look at the lattice energy, the Madelung energy component is huge which tells you that when ions form they really want to continue to glom onto one another and form that giant crystal.
看看晶格能，马德龙能很大，这告诉我们，当形成离子是，它们如果要继续的话，需要从另外一方夺取电子，形成巨大的晶体。
And we wrote something that looks, the energy is equal to minus the Madelung constant times Avogadro's number, 0R0 q1 q2 over 4 pi epsilon zero R zero.
我们写下了，晶格能等于负的马德隆常数,乘以阿伏伽德罗常数，乘以q1q2除以4πε
And we wrote something that looks, the energy is equal to minus the Madelung constant times Avogadro's number, 0R0 q1 q2 over 4 pi epsilon zero R zero.
我们写下了，晶格能等于负的马德隆常数,乘以阿伏伽德罗常数，乘以q1q2除以4πε
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